Blacksway said:
One thing, Mr Olgar Shiverstone, I couldn't find an easy way of getting that nice percentage that you managed to produce. The function is in Excel but I wondered if there was a simple way to calculate it as I'm trying to keep the whole thing in PHP.
Does PHP have a function that calculates percentages of a standard normal?
Unfortunately, if PHP doesn't have a function that computes percentages as a function of a standard normal distribution, there really isn't an easy way to do it (which is why even in the computer age we still use Z-tables).
The function that returns the percentage is:
[Integrated from -infinity to X] (1 / SQRT(2 * pi)) * EXP (-1 * (x^2)/2)
So of course the integration is the problem. You could create a numerical integration function that stepped through the entire integration at very small intervals summing rectangles as an approximation, ie (translate this into PHP or whatever):
percent = 0
for i = -5 to x step 0.01
percent = percent + ((1 / SQRT(2* pi)) * exp (-1 * (i^2)/2)) * 0.01
next
percent=percent*100
Which should give a rough approximation (x is the normed value of the individual score ranging from -3 to +3). Smaller steps (change all 0.01 to 0.0001, for example) will yield a more precise value. I'm not sure exactly what method Excel uses to do this integration.
Edit: Forgot the square root of 2*pi