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...does this mean that Captain Caveman was my ancestor?

Seriously, kinda cool to have this (nearly) proven, given its been speculated for so long. It'll be interesting to see what the bits of DNA left from them actually do.
 



So, the group of humans that left Africa and became the forefathers of the European and Asian peoples ran into some Neanderthals in the Middle East on their way and proceeded to get busy.

"Hmmmm... I've never seen one of those before... I think I'll have sex with it."

Sounds like there wasn't much difference between ancient and modern humans.
 


Previously it was called the You Fugly gene. It's continued existence in the gene pool is directly related to the simultaneous technological development of fermentation and alcoholic beverages, and their detrimental effect on the male visual cortex of early Homo sapiens sapiens with regard to female Homo sapiens neanderthalensis, commonly referred to today as "beer goggles".

B-)
 


Ah, this. This has long been accepted as fact among a pretty large group of anthropologists. I know when I was an anth major, I firmly believed in it - the only other possibility being that Neanderthals were killed out by our ancestors.

A really good piece of evidence, beyond this DNA thing, would be the skulls. If you compare a neanderthal skull (which, by the way, has a larger brain case than our own - Neanderthals had larger brains!) to a modern Homo Sapiens, there is very little to set them apart beyond a "brow ridge" and a bun at the base of the skull.

IN fact, if you compare a modern homo sapiens skull to an early homo sapiens skull, there is more of a difference between the two than there is between sapiens and neanderthalensis!

(Some anthropologists suggest naming Neanderthals Homo Sapiens Neanderthalensis, making our species Homo Sapiens Sapiens).

Finally, a fun little piece of anatomy. Neanderthals have something at the base of their skull, where the neck meets the skull - it's a small bony protrustion. Archaic homo sapiens skulls that have been found completely lack this protrustion. However, a fairly large minority of modern homo sapiens DO have this bun - further "proof" towards this theory.

Seriously, check it out. Feel the base of your skull, and see if there's a bony protuberance - a small "nub" or "bump". I know I have one, and many people of northern european origin do as well - which makes sense, since there was a huge concentration of Neanderthals in that portion of the world
 


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