Without something a bit more concrete, it's going to be hard to really suggest something. Based on what you've said/shown though, I _think_ that Spirit of the Century by Evil Hat Games is going to be reasonably close to what you're talking about.
It's not an exact match though. Then again, it'd be kinda hard to have an exact match.
Spirit of the Century (aka SotC) relies on player named traits. It's got a stunt list that functions sort of like feats as well.
The system that powers SotC is called the Fate system, and it's been used for another game called Starblazer Adventures, as well as being used in a modified form for the upcoming Dreden Files game (book series by Jim Butcher).
Once the Dreden Files comes out, the Evil Hat guys are going to release a generic version of the Fate 3 system, and include advice on tuning the system, so you can get the pulp hero style of SotC or the grittier modern style of Dresden.
In the meantime, there's a version of the SotC rules (pulp flavor) that's already been made into an SRD and is hosted here:
SotC SRD
Note: Pulp characters don't follow the usual zero-to-hero that people seem obsessed with. This means you're playing Han Solo, not Luke Skywalker. Folks have hacked SotC into a number of different games though, so you shouldn't have too many problems. There's at least one game of Eberron that's been using the SotC rules.