Hard to answer.
D&D is for me a specific type of a RPG--hack and slash, gonzo blender fantasy, adventuring for gold and fame--infused with certain tropes and monsters--dragons, goblins, mindflayers, beholders, etc.--and following some universal rule constructs--d20s are involved in action resolution, level advancement, roll for damage, hit points, pre-described spells with an academic feel.
The details of the mechanics matter a lot less to me for it to be D&D than a lot of other people--it's definitely a factor, but more in the general framework of the rules (race + class + levels) rather than in any details of abilities or exact action resolution.
Dungeon World, for instance, feels solidly D&D to me (as read, I haven't played it) except it's missing that crucial d20. If I'm not rolling a d20 somewhere, it doesn't properly feel like D&D to me.
I really have no idea how to put that into a percentage number.