3rd edition (0 or .5) was terrible at build to concept, unless the concept was a one-trick pony who is a total master at one thing and an absolute failure at anything else. Literary characters are competent, not just at their core schtick, but can turn their hands to anything the plot requires. 5e is the first edition that really embraces that (I'd accept the argument that 4e, before bloat could do it to)
OK, if you're talking mainly about the effects of bounded accuracy, sure, the second edition to do so, then. OK, more like third, since the very earliest 0D&D, prior to the introduction of the Thief class, also had everyone in basically that same 'turn your hands to anything the plot requires' boat, by default.
Emulated literary characters in 3e, always required multiple classes.
Not /always/, no. A single-class Sorcerer probably did a better job of modeling most literary casters than any Vancian class or class-combination, for instance. Rogue, thanks to UMD, could fit the Grey Mouser pretty well, for another example. The same, though, was true of prior eds - Giants in the Earth routinely gave characters from literature/myth/fiction multiple classes, they just broke the rules to do it. 3e had good enough MCing rules, and a large enough choice of classes, feats, skills &c, to do so 'legally.' 5e MCing rules - if used - are actually a little improved, but the classes (perhaps, more importantly, sub-classes) you have to work with aren't as suited to mix & match customization.
In 5e, it's often possible to simulate a character with just class and background choice.
Evoke a concept, perhaps, particularly with a background, since that's often all the background is, a fluff description of a general concept bundled with some obvious proficiency choices and a fuzzy RP perk. 5e falls shy of 2e with it's plethora of Kits in 'Complete _____' books, that way.
For instance, in 5e you can play an Outlaw Champion Fighter with Archery Style. That certainly evokes Robin Hood, just the natural-language meaning of it does, in spades. Champion, check, he championed the poor. Fighter, check, he fought in the crusades. Archery, check, he was a legendary archer. Outlaw, check, he robbed from the rich - it's all there. But does it actually model Robin? Not so much. He'll never split an arrow to win an archery contest, lacks woodsy skills, isn't any kind of a leader, and so forth. Leveling him up doesn't help. He does more and more damage, but his accuracy never becomes that remarkable, and he can't accumulate the broad range of skills he needs to be great at. 3.5 he might need to be a Ranger3/fighter4/ScoutX, with every class/level, feat and skill rank plotted out from 1-20, and be 13th level before he starts to live up to his hype, but he can get there, even if 'there' is strictly inferior to what the Tier 1s can do.
Hey, I just said it could do build-to-concept like no other ed, not that the result would be viable. ;P