Gnarlo said:
Don't quite see it as the evil act everyone is jumping all over it for. Yes, they killed the hostage, but I didn't get the impression that that was what they were intending to do. And they did the caring, "gosh, I feel really bad about what happened" thing and did their best to make amends, etc. Poor tactics probably, but not evil. Negligent homicide at worst, not manslaughter. Now, if they start thinking in future encounters "hey, that didn't work half bad, you know, why don't we try it again and just raise them if we need to", then you have an alignment creep problem.... 
IMC, they'd have to consult their clergy in a contrite fashion and ask how they could make ammends, perhaps doing some service for the locals as well as part of it to demonstrate the sincerity of their apology. Just [in a true metagame fashion] to let them get the idea that accidents happen, but not to start considering it a viable tactic.
The problem is that killing her was not an accident. The first time could be argued to be accidental. However, he shot her AGAIN! That is NOT accidental nor is it negligent. At best it is callous indifference for the girl's life, at worst it is manslaughter. (He fully intended to kill someone, he was careless and caught the wrong person.)
I am not saying that the rogue should be hanged for what he did because he did attempt to make amends but I believe the authorities should've demanded something more than a vague promise to help if the girl needed him.
I think what is being overlooked is that she had an arrow tear through her body TWICE. Getting hit by a barbed war arrow is not painless. They are designed to shred internals, stick inside and be very painful to remove.
The girl undoubtably was in shock and bleeding badly from the first hit and then she probably died very terrified and in great pain after she was hit again. How can being returned to life (which incidentally does not erase the suffering that she went through) possibly fully compensate her for the fact that she died painfully simply because the rogue couldn't be bothered to come up with a better plan?
Plus, if she only had one level, raising her would cost her some of her CON, leaving her health irreparably shattered. (And NO giving her an Amulet of CON or something does NOT make it better any more than someone giving you an artifical heart makes up for the fact that he shot up your real heart in the first place.)
-Long Story-
A lawful neutral PC in my old Planescape campaign did a similar thing. He kept insisting that the gnome npc that the PCs were sent to help pull his weight. The guy was a merchant with less than half the levels of the lowest level PC. The gnome was a 6th lvl rogue and he had no combat capability (compared to the PCs anyway). They were underground however and the guy was a gnome so the PCs decided that he could help. Also, PCs were being hard pressed and they decided needed whatever help they could get.
The PC gave him a magic weapon and some armor and sent him to swim across an underground pool since he knew the area. (The area was a flooded cavern and the PC actually pushed him into the water.) The gnome could swim better than the PCs but he was no match for the two 12HD giant crayfish that lived in the cavern. The gnome only got off a scream before dying horribly (the crayfish did more than 2x his total HP in one round and tore him to pieces.)
Now the PC did not strictly speaking intend to kill him. He thought the area was secure and the gnome actually was the only one who could swim. The effect however was that the PC tossed him into a situation that he didn't want to be in simply because he didn't come up with a better plan.
Afterward the PC had an attack of conscience (especially when he found out that the gnome was a ranking member of his own faction) and had the gnome resurrected. As you can guess, the gnome was happy to be alive again but was LIVID that the PC had callously sent him off to die. He was most certainly NOT going to accept the resurrection and a mere apology.
The gnome explained in no uncertain terms that the PC paying to get him returned to life did not BEGIN to compensate him for the suffering of having his life snuffed out. The gnome (I wish I could remember his name) then blackmailed the PC for the rest of the campaign with threats to let the Factol and the local Harmonium know what he had done. Since the PC was trying to rise in rank with his faction, having the information leak out to the Factol or getting arrested by the Harmonium for manslaughter would end his political carreer very fast. Needless to say the gnome made sure that he continued to do as he was told for the rest of the campaign.
Tzarevitch