These Indians were never called savages, even by the earliest French and Spanish explorers who encountered them. In fact, they enjoyed a reputation that excited the imagination of the Spanish governor of the New Province of Texas. Domingo Teran de los Rios, made a trip to visit the Caddos in 1691.
He found a civilization known as Tejas, formed with an organized government, living in round wood and thatch dwellings and cultivating crops, including beans, corn, pumpkin, melons, and tobacco. They wore clothing of tanned deerskin, and made beautiful black leather using the brains of deer and buffalo. They decorated clothing with small white beads and fringe work and wore turkey feather garments on special occasions (Gleason). The Caddo were well-respected among other Indians for the beauty of their leather goods and pottery. They conducted annual trade fairs in their riverside communities, drawing tribesmen from other nations in for commerce. In addition to utilitarian items, they offered art pieces made of wood, shell and ceramics (Newkumet and Meredith 1988).