Could you take hold of a Wall of Force, and teleport with it?
Could you inscribe a Teleport Circle on the ground, then grab hold and teleport with it?
Could you cast Darkness on a point in space, then take that spell effect with you through a teleport?
The answer to all of these, obviously, is no. Why not? Because Teleport can't transport spell effects. Only objects and people.
Now, if the Darkness was cast on a movable object, the object could be taken with you.
If that Teleport Circle were inscribed on something movable, like a carpet, it might be ruled movable. (Then again, it might not. DM's call.)
Unless the spell effect is affixed to a creature or movable object, or says specifically that it can be moved, it doesn't move. And to be honest, I don't actually know of a single spell effect that isn't centered or affixed to an object or creature that actually says it can be relocated.
As for Zeno's Paradoxes and the motion of the Earth... The only one of his that even seems to apply is the one that says a runner can never start a race. And since the Earth started moving a long time ago, it's far too late for that.