Running a one-player campaign

I'm going to run counter to the crowd here and state that I think single-player campaigns work better without all the extraneous NPCs / henchmen / cohorts tagging along. I think that if you're going to DM a single-player campaign, then you should really embrace that dynamic and have the PC be, well, solo.

Now obviously if the PC spends a feat on Leadership, then he gets a cohort. But otherwise, ditch the idea of creating a pseudo-party by tacking on a bunch of NPCs -- because either you or the player would have to control all those NPCs, and because it detracts from the focus on the player's PC.

Instead, come up with challenges appropriate to a solo PC. As people have mentioned, diplomacy, intrigue, and mystery stories work well. Combat is fine; just go for ELs about 2-3 lower than the PC's level -- and probably scale down the EL ratio as the PC gets stronger, because higher-EL encounters have more probability of leading to PC death. In other words, a 3rd level PC might get an EL 1 encounter while a 10th level PC might get an EL 6 or even EL 5 encounter.

The other thing you can do with combats is have a lot of one-on-one fights. So instead of the PC facing a mob of kobolds, he faces a single kobold champion. Not only is this easier to run, it makes the combat more fun as both the monster (DM) and the PC (player) can trade insults, indulge in outrageous combat stunts, and generally make it a memorable fight instead of just another hack'n'slash.

Allow plenty of down time for the PC to rest, gather information, make items, shop, and so on. You should avoid time-constrained adventures, because the solo PC cannot quickly recover from resource-draining encounters. A non-divine-caster PC will be solely relying on resting to heal wounds at low levels, so you need to factor that into your game. I actually like this aspect of the solo PC game, because it gives a somewhat grittier feel to the game without actually making it, y'know, GRITTY.

Finally, be sure to communicate a lot with the player to see what he wants out of the campaign. Try to make things as much fun as possible for the player, and encourage him to speak up if something isn't fun.
 

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A good model of a solo adventure are the Fallout and Fallout 2 computer RPGs. Although the hero can acquire a party, the NPCs are largely there to round out skills that the PC does not have (e.g., lock picking, repairing machinery, science, etc.)

In light of that, I cannot agree more with sentiments about giving the PC time to rest. In Fallout, you clicked the "rest until healed" button. Three days passed, but at least you could keep moving forward in the game. Besides, you can run fun roleplaying interactions in the "down time."
 

I've run several solo-campaigns over the years and I am soon going to be running another for my wife. I agree with the general philosophy that solo games are different and you should embrace and enjoy the differences rather than try and make them be similar to group games.

That said, while I try to stay away from the "pseudo-party" of NPC's, I also understand that humans are social creatures. Depending on the player in question, I think it likely that you'll want to provide some kind of partner of some sort. It doesn't have to be an equal or someone who helps the PC out in battle. Just a voice who can be a sounding board for ideas or share the tales of adventure with is good. If the PC is a Wizard then a Familiar works great for this.

If you think about the movie Die Hard where Bruce Willis has to take down a whole tower full of bad guys by himself, at least he had the cop on the radio to talk him through some of it.
 

For one player campaigns (solo campaigns if you must) I'd recommend the Conan RPG as the fate point system is a good way of avoiding character death leading to rapid campaign ending, the whole milleu is very much set up for single characters adventuring and the lack of healing magic means that it avoids the usual D&D party medic (cleric).

With D&D I'd go away from my rule of always starting at 1st as the 3e crit rules make it too easy for a 1st level character on their own to get killed. I'd personally prefer other rules systems rather than D&D as I do feel that the whole rule system is set up for the multi-adventurer party with a healer, arcane caster, combat tank and trap finder/high skill character. IF I did use D&D I'd probably introduce Conan style fate points too as it does help avoid rapid campaign endings and can let you put in some other hooks: "you survived the melee, but wake to find yourself imprisoned...".
 



I suggest using my Effective Party Level (EPL) formula for estimating combat difficulty:
total levels of all characters in party / 4 = EPL

This means a lone 1st level PC has an EPL of 1/4 and should use 20% of his resources versus a CR1/4 monster.

This is much better to compare with for monster CRs than saying he's in a party of 1st levels (only one character) and trying to put him against CR1 monsters.

Combat should be infrequent, highlights to the story. Consider most books have way fewer combat encounters than the typical D&D game.

It should be up to the PC if he wants company or not. Make lots of NPCs, maybe some will help him if they are in the area. Don't foist the D&D party concept in a 1 player game. This is your chance to be free of that meta-game concept, if the player wants to.

Characterize your NPCs. Every encounter can be a roleplaying encounter, from buying a sword from Gilmor the swordsmith, to trading insults with Count Filchet who is displeased with your recent heroics that have foiled his smuggling schemes.

It will be harder in some respects on a single player, because they won't have friends to brainstorm solutions to mysteries and puzzles. Try to avoid too clever of a puzzle, or make sure there's a brute force and cheating solution to the puzzle.

Putting NPCs with the PC to build a party can lead to the dreaded DMPC. Try to avoid that.

Janx

Janx
 

Janx said:
Putting NPCs with the PC to build a party can lead to the dreaded DMPC. Try to avoid that.

Heartily endorsed!

In fact, in or solo games, you will rarely find an NPC 'tagging along'.
 

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