Traveller is pretty soft on the sci-fi... for space opera, a subgenre of sci-fi, it's on the hard end, but that still is nowhere near Hard-Sci-Fi.
The major breaks from reality in Traveller:
- reactionless drives (tho' the EMDrive is giving some cause to think that it may be wrong only in the details)
- the Jump Drive
- Artificial gravity and Inertial Compensation
- easy fusion power (the issue is extracting more than the cost of ignition. We can make stuff fuse in the lab well enough, but the lowest cost to initiate that's been credibly published was about 102% of recovered energy)
- Star systems are built using the Titus Bode relationship (which has been generally disproven by exoplanet orbits that have been worked out). Except in MGT 1E, where the expanded system gen doesn't go into any detail of note.
- humans everywhere
- Psionics - and not just telepathy and clairvoyance, but full on TK.
- Anagathics (Anti-Aging drugs)
- Relatively safe and reliable cryogenics
- Silicon based intelligent life (SDG chips - see CT Adventure "Signal GK" and TNE core rules)
- most native life is edible to humans
- habitable worlds around stars with lifespans measured in double digit megayears (estimates are that a world needs about 50 megayears just to cool enough to start the liquid process... and another 20-500 MY to coalesce into primordial life after that)
- a lack of frequent disease transmissions by space crews (sufficiently few that the one major case in canon, the Dingr Plague, aka the Snow Plague, is notable... as it ended the Ziru Sirka {Vilani Imperium aka First Imperium})
- Human-made Uplifts (Chimps, Gorillas, Orangs, Dolphins, Orcas, Bears)
- human-breathable atmospheres on tiny rockballs (which is one of the strongest links in Firefly to Traveller - but Firefly actually explains it with world-sized artificial gravity)