Undead Origins

OD&D Dungeons and Dragons

OD&D Dungeons and Dragons
0e
Skeleton: ?
Zombie: ?
Ghoul: Any man-type killed by a Ghoul becomes one.
Wight: Men-types killed by Wights become Wights. An opponent who is totally drained of life energy by a Wight becomes a Wight.
Wraith: ?
Mummy: ?
Spectre: Men-types killed by Spectres become Spectres.
Vampire: Men-types killed by Vampires become Vampires.
 
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Dragon 25

Dragon 25
1e
Vampire Asanbosam: ?
Vampire Burcolakas: ?
Vampire Catacano: ?
Vampire Lobishumen: ?
Vampire Ekimmu: ?
Vampire Blautsauger: It can only turn its victims into vampires by forcing them to eat earth from its grave. Those who consume the earth will become vampires when they die, even if not killed by the blautsauger. Only a wish will prevent this.
Vampire Mulo: ?
Vampire Alp: ?
Vampire Anananngel: ?
Vampire Krvopijac: ?
Vampire Ch'ing-Shih: ?
Vampire Vlkodak: ?
Vampire Bruxa: ?
Vampire Nosferat: ?

Vampire: One must also consider the question of origin. If people can only become vampires through the bite of a vampire, where did the first one come from? According to the legends, the means can range from a simple death-bed curse and excommunication, through ancestry (s.g. one type was to be an Albanian of Turkish origin, another was to have red hair), through witchcraft, to violent death. The latter one is the easiest method for D&D. Hence, any body left unguarded without a Bless spell from a cleric will become a vampire within seven days.
Spectre: Those who die from the blautsauger without eating the earth from its grave become spectres.
 
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Dragon 26

Dragon 26
1e
Lower Soul P'o: ?
Lost Soul Pr'eta: The Pr’eta is the soul of a suicide.
Vampire-Spectre Ch'ang-Kuei: ?
Sea Bonze: ?
Celestial Stag: ?
Goat Demon: ?

Lich: Liches are high level clerics or magic users who have become very special undead. Before becoming a Lich, the cleric or magic user must have been at least 14th level in life, although 18th level is most common. Once a lich is created, it might drop in level, but below 10th level, one can not exist.
Preparation for Lichdom occurs while the figure is still alive and must be completed before his first “death.” If he dies somewhere along the line and is resurrected, then he must start all over again. The lich needs these spells. Magic Jar, Trap the Soul, and Enchant an Item, plus a special potion and something to “jar” into.
The item into which the lich will “jar” is prepared by having Enchant an Item cast upon it. The item cannot be of the common variety, but must be of high quality, solid, and of at least 2,000 g.p. in value. The item must make a saving throw as if it were the person casting the spell. (A cleric would have to have the spell Enchant an Item and Magic Jar thrown for him and it is the contracted magic user’s level that would be used for the saving throw.) The item can contain prior magics, but wooden items are not acceptable.
If the item accepts the Enchant an Item spell (this requires 18+ (Z-O) hours), then Trap the Soul is cast on the item. Trap the Soul has a chance to work equal to 50% + 6%/level of the magic user/cleric over 11th level. (A roll of 00 is always failure.) If the item is then soul receptive, the prepared candidate for Lichdom will cast Magic Jar on it and enter the item. As soon as he enters the jar he will lose a level at once and the corresponding hit points. The hit points and his soul are now stored in the jar. He then must return to his own body and must rest for 2-7 days. The ordeal is so demanding that his top three levels of spells are erased and will not come back (through reading/prayer) until the rest period is up.
The next time the character dies, regardless of circumstances, he will go into the jar, no matter how far away and no matter what the obstacles (including Cubes of Force, Prismatic Spheres, lead boxes, etc.). To get out again, the MU/Cleric must have his (or another’s) recently dead body within 90 feet of the jar. The body can be that of any recently killed creature, from a mouse to a kirin. The corpse must fail its saving throw versus magic to be possessed. The saving throw is that of a one-half hit die figure for a normal man, animal, small monster, etc., regardless of alignment, if the figure had three or fewer hit dice in life. If it had four or more hit dice, it gains one of the following saving throws, according to alignment: Good Lawful, Good Choatic, Good Neutral — normal saving throw as in life; Neutral Lawful, Neutral Choatic, Pure Neutral — normal saving throw as in life -3; Evil Lawful —saving throw -4; Evil Neutral —saving throw -5; Evil Choatic —saving throw -6. The corpse can be dead no longer than 30 days. If it makes its saving throw, it will never receive the lich. The MU’s/Cleric’s own corpse can be dead any length of time and is at -10 to receive him. He may attempt to enter his own corpse once each week until he succeeds.
In the wightish body, the lich will seek his own body and transport it to the location of the jar. Destruction of his own body is possible only via the spell Disintegrate and the body gets a normal saving throw versus the spell. Dismemberment or burning the body will not totally destroy it, as the pieces of the corpse will radiate an unlimited range Locate Object spell, Naturally it may be difficult for the lich to obtain these pieces/ashes, but that is another story. If and when the wightish body finds the remains of the lich’s original body, it will eat them and after one week will metamorphosis into a humanoid body similar to that of the lich’s original body. Once the lich is back in his own body he will have the spell he had in life and never has to read/pray for them again. In fact he can not, except once to “fill up” his spell levels. As a lich, he can never gain levels, use scrolls, or use magic items that require the touch of a living being.
If his body is disintegrated then the lich can only be a Wightish body unless he can find someone to cast a WISH for him to get the body back together again. The jar must be on the prime material, the negative material or the positive material plane and of course he must have a means of gaining access to the appropriate plane in the first place.
Preparing the body of the living figure is done via a potion. The potion is difficult to make and time consuming. It requires these items;
A. 2 pinches of pure arsenic
B. 1 pinch of belladonna
C. 1 measure of fresh phase spider venom (under 30 days old)
D. 1 measure of fresh wyvern venom (under 60 days old)
E. The blood of a dead humanoid infant killed by a phase spider
F. The blood of a dead humanoid infant killed by a mixture of arsenic and belladonna
G. The heart of a virgin humanoid killed by wyvern venom
H. 1 quart of blood from a vampire or a person infected with vampirism
I. The ground reproductive glands of 7 giant moths (head for less than 60 days)
The items are mixed in the order given by the light of a full moon. When he drinks the potion (all of it) the following will occur:
1-10 No effect whatsoever other than all body hair falling out — start over!
11-40 Coma for 2-7 days —the potion works!
41-70 Feebleminded until dispelled by Dispel Magic. Each attempt to remove the feeblemind has a 10% chance to kill him instead if it fails. The potion works!
71-90 Paralyzed for 4-14 days. 30% chance that permanent loss of 1-6 dexterity points will result. The potion works!
91-96 Permanently deaf, dumb or blind. Only a full wish can regain the sense. The potion works!
97-00 DEAD —start over . . . if you can be resurrected.
 
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Dragon 30

Dragon 30
1e
Vampire: A Vampire can have its minions buy a figure it has killed so that human can rise as a Vampire on the next night. Note that humanoids and demihumans can NOT become vampires.
Inadvertent creation of a Vampire is possible in either case if a body killed by a Vampire is buried and subsequently the body is dug up (assuming that the burying of the Vampire’s kill does not properly prevent the body from rising again as a Vampire).
This brings up the point of how a body can be properly “disposed of” after being killed by a Vampire or a “lesser” Vampire. This process should be a simple one and accomplishable in a few ways: 1. The body and head can be separated; 2. The body can be burned; 3. The body can be disposed of just as a Vampire would be disposed of; or 4. The body is drained of blood and either a Bless, Prayer, Chant or Exorcism is said over the corpse. Other reasonable means can be ruled on by the DM.
The next big area of argument comes over what type of monster results when a Vampire kills a human, the human is buried, and then is unearthed the next night (or later). How the figure is killed is one major bone of contention: Does the figure die due to damage or due to being drained to zero level? If the figure dies due to damage (not all necessarily from the Vampire), then the figure can retain abilities from his/her former profession. If a 12th-level Wizard, for example, is wounded by some form of attack and is then touched by a Vampire such that he becomes a Necromancer but is also killed due to damage of the Vampire’s touch, the resultant monster will be a “lesser” Vampire who is also a Necromancer!
If the figure dies by full draining, then all former profession abilities and levels are lost — the figure is a vampire, nothing more.
 
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Dragon 32

Dragon 32
1e
Crawling Claw: Crawling Claws are said to have been the invention of the necromancer Nulathoe, who devised a series of spells whereby small parts of once-living bodies could be almost perfectly preserved, and (once animated) controlled. Nulathoe’s arts were too crude to be practical in controlling organs of any complexity, and at his death only their most useful application—the control of hands or paws—survived, through his two apprentices.
Creation of a claw requires an intact human hand, or a claw (which must be from a creature existing entirely upon the Prime Material Plane), either freshly severed or in skeletal form. Creation is usually a cooperative effort, and is begun with application of Nulathoe's Ninemen (a 5th-level Magic-User spell involving the fresh blood of an animal of the same biological class as that of the claw and the destruction of a moonstone of not less than 77 gp value, which is powdered and sprinkled over the claw) or a similar spell researched by the magic user concerned. This serves to preserve the claw, protect it against decay and corrosion, and strengthen its joints with magical bonds. Within four turns after casting the Ninemen, an Animate Dead spell must be cast upon the claw.
 
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Dragon 36

Dragon 36
1e
Richard Upton Pickman, King of the Ghouls: When Pickman grew weary of this world, he disappeared through one of the many tunnels the ghouls had dug under New England. Journeying deeper and deeper into the black, dank burrow, Pickman eventually crossed through the Gate of Deeper Slumber, into the Realm of Dream. He joined the ghouls in their lairs, slowly devolving into a ghoul himself, though he retains more human features and mannerisms than is normal among ghouls.

Ghoul: Viewing Richard Upton Pickman’s painting “The Lesson” (“A circle of nameless dog-like things in a churchyard teach a small child how to feed like themselves.“) Unless a save versus spells is made, the player character is changed into a ghoul.
 
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Dragon 42

Dragon 42
1e
Skeleton: Burial or cremation of the dead is customary in our campaign. These rites are, in fact, necessary as any character or NPC who dies while adventuring—and remains unburied—will return from the dead to visit his unfeeling comrades with plague, disaster and misfortune until his spirit is put to rest!
Even if buried, if his fellow adventurers refuse to pay his Widow’s Share or Weregeld, he will also haunt them until such monies are paid. (Note that lack of burial or refusal to pay Widow’s Share must be deliberate in order to create a restless spirit.)
If the body is beyond recovery (swept away by an underground river, devoured by a Green Slime. blasted by a fireball or the like); or would require a suicide mission to recover: or if the party simply lacks the funds to pay, the dead character’s spirit will be satisfied provided (a) some kind of funeral service is observed when time and safety permit and/or (b) an effort is made to pay some-if not all!—of the Widow’s Share or Weregeld.
Stealing from a character’s “grave goods” or withholding items from a burial/cremation-even if done without the knowledge or consent of other players-will also bring back a dead character’s spirit as fierce and vengeful as ever!
A thief, however, may attempt to steal from the dead. The Dungeon Master should judge the success and the possible repercussions of the attempt on the type and amount of grave goods taken, precautions—magical and otherwise—taken by the thief, methods used and other significant variables.
Note that robbing any burial mound of recent manufacture (defined as up to ten centuries old) will bring back the dead spirit 10-100% of the time, depending on the age of the burial mound. The DM rolls a d10 to determine age. then percentile dice to see if the spirit responds.
Not all such burials need be of human bodies!
Under certain circumstances—as noted above—a dead character may return as a Restless Spirit. Exactly what form that spirit takes depends entirely on the dead character’s alignment in life.
All Good types—Lawful. Neutral or Chaotic—will return from the dead as a Haunt. Those of Neutral alignments (again, Lawful, True or Chaotic) will come back as a Zombie/Skeleton, while those of Evil nature (L, N or C) will arise as a Vampire of the AD&D Monster Manual variety.
A physical manifestation of the dead in the material world. The Restless Spirit literally animates his lifeless corpse.
Vampire: Burial or cremation of the dead is customary in our campaign. These rites are, in fact, necessary as any character or NPC who dies while adventuring—and remains unburied—will return from the dead to visit his unfeeling comrades with plague, disaster and misfortune until his spirit is put to rest!
Even if buried, if his fellow adventurers refuse to pay his Widow’s Share or Weregeld, he will also haunt them until such monies are paid. (Note that lack of burial or refusal to pay Widow’s Share must be deliberate in order to create a restless spirit.)
If the body is beyond recovery (swept away by an underground river, devoured by a Green Slime. blasted by a fireball or the like); or would require a suicide mission to recover: or if the party simply lacks the funds to pay, the dead character’s spirit will be satisfied provided (a) some kind of funeral service is observed when time and safety permit and/or (b) an effort is made to pay some-if not all!—of the Widow’s Share or Weregeld.
Stealing from a character’s “grave goods” or withholding items from a burial/cremation-even if done without the knowledge or consent of other players-will also bring back a dead character’s spirit as fierce and vengeful as ever!
A thief, however, may attempt to steal from the dead. The Dungeon Master should judge the success and the possible repercussions of the attempt on the type and amount of grave goods taken, precautions—magical and otherwise—taken by the thief, methods used and other significant variables.
Note that robbing any burial mound of recent manufacture (defined as up to ten centuries old) will bring back the dead spirit 10-100% of the time, depending on the age of the burial mound. The DM rolls a d10 to determine age. then percentile dice to see if the spirit responds.
Not all such burials need be of human bodies!
Under certain circumstances—as noted above—a dead character may return as a Restless Spirit. Exactly what form that spirit takes depends entirely on the dead character’s alignment in life.
All Good types—Lawful. Neutral or Chaotic—will return from the dead as a Haunt. Those of Neutral alignments (again, Lawful, True or Chaotic) will come back as a Zombie/Skeleton, while those of Evil nature (L, N or C) will arise as a Vampire of the AD&D Monster Manual variety.
Zombie: Burial or cremation of the dead is customary in our campaign. These rites are, in fact, necessary as any character or NPC who dies while adventuring—and remains unburied—will return from the dead to visit his unfeeling comrades with plague, disaster and misfortune until his spirit is put to rest!
Even if buried, if his fellow adventurers refuse to pay his Widow’s Share or Weregeld, he will also haunt them until such monies are paid. (Note that lack of burial or refusal to pay Widow’s Share must be deliberate in order to create a restless spirit.)
If the body is beyond recovery (swept away by an underground river, devoured by a Green Slime. blasted by a fireball or the like); or would require a suicide mission to recover: or if the party simply lacks the funds to pay, the dead character’s spirit will be satisfied provided (a) some kind of funeral service is observed when time and safety permit and/or (b) an effort is made to pay some-if not all!—of the Widow’s Share or Weregeld.
Stealing from a character’s “grave goods” or withholding items from a burial/cremation-even if done without the knowledge or consent of other players-will also bring back a dead character’s spirit as fierce and vengeful as ever!
A thief, however, may attempt to steal from the dead. The Dungeon Master should judge the success and the possible repercussions of the attempt on the type and amount of grave goods taken, precautions—magical and otherwise—taken by the thief, methods used and other significant variables.
Note that robbing any burial mound of recent manufacture (defined as up to ten centuries old) will bring back the dead spirit 10-100% of the time, depending on the age of the burial mound. The DM rolls a d10 to determine age. then percentile dice to see if the spirit responds.
Not all such burials need be of human bodies!
Under certain circumstances—as noted above—a dead character may return as a Restless Spirit. Exactly what form that spirit takes depends entirely on the dead character’s alignment in life.
All Good types—Lawful. Neutral or Chaotic—will return from the dead as a Haunt. Those of Neutral alignments (again, Lawful, True or Chaotic) will come back as a Zombie/Skeleton, while those of Evil nature (L, N or C) will arise as a Vampire of the AD&D Monster Manual variety.
A physical manifestation of the dead in the material world. The Restless Spirit literally animates his lifeless corpse.
If the body of a Restless Spirit animated Zombie or Skeleton is destroyed the spirit will return either as a Haunt or a Vampire, depending on the character’s overall actions while alive as determined by the DM.
Evil characters always return from the dead with all the capabilities of an AD&D Vampire.
Note that a character of any alignment who commits suicide will return as a vampire unless the appropriate steps are taken at his burial: stake through the heart, head cut off, mouth stuffed with garlic and the like. Such suicides must be purposeful—unrequited love or a point of honor, for example—with the DM’s discretion strongly advised.
Haunt: Burial or cremation of the dead is customary in our campaign. These rites are, in fact, necessary as any character or NPC who dies while adventuring—and remains unburied—will return from the dead to visit his unfeeling comrades with plague, disaster and misfortune until his spirit is put to rest!
Even if buried, if his fellow adventurers refuse to pay his Widow’s Share or Weregeld, he will also haunt them until such monies are paid. (Note that lack of burial or refusal to pay Widow’s Share must be deliberate in order to create a restless spirit.)
If the body is beyond recovery (swept away by an underground river, devoured by a Green Slime. blasted by a fireball or the like); or would require a suicide mission to recover: or if the party simply lacks the funds to pay, the dead character’s spirit will be satisfied provided (a) some kind of funeral service is observed when time and safety permit and/or (b) an effort is made to pay some-if not all!—of the Widow’s Share or Weregeld.
Stealing from a character’s “grave goods” or withholding items from a burial/cremation-even if done without the knowledge or consent of other players-will also bring back a dead character’s spirit as fierce and vengeful as ever!
A thief, however, may attempt to steal from the dead. The Dungeon Master should judge the success and the possible repercussions of the attempt on the type and amount of grave goods taken, precautions—magical and otherwise—taken by the thief, methods used and other significant variables.
Note that robbing any burial mound of recent manufacture (defined as up to ten centuries old) will bring back the dead spirit 10-100% of the time, depending on the age of the burial mound. The DM rolls a d10 to determine age. then percentile dice to see if the spirit responds.
Not all such burials need be of human bodies!
Under certain circumstances—as noted above—a dead character may return as a Restless Spirit. Exactly what form that spirit takes depends entirely on the dead character’s alignment in life.
All Good types—Lawful. Neutral or Chaotic—will return from the dead as a Haunt. Those of Neutral alignments (again, Lawful, True or Chaotic) will come back as a Zombie/Skeleton, while those of Evil nature (L, N or C) will arise as a Vampire of the AD&D Monster Manual variety.
If the body of a Restless Spirit animated Zombie or Skeleton is destroyed the spirit will return either as a Haunt or a Vampire, depending on the character’s overall actions while alive as determined by the DM.
 
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Dragon 54

Dragon 54
1e
Lich: There is no “ultimate recipe” for becoming a lich, just as there is no universal way of making a chocolate cake. Only those things which are generally true are stated in the AD&D rules-a magic-user or cleric gains undead status through “force of will” (the desire to be a lich, coupled with magical assistance) and thereafter has to maintain that status by special effort, employing “conjurations, enchantments and a phylactery” (from the lich description in the Monster Manual). The essence of larvae, mentioned as one of the ingredients in the process (in the MM description of larvae) might be used as a spell component, or might be an integral part of the phylactery: Exactly what it is, and what it is used for, is left to be defined by characters and the DM, if it becomes necessary to have specific rules for making a lich.
Several combinations of spells might trigger or release the energy needed to transform a magic-user or m-u/cleric into a lich; exactly which combination of magic is required or preferred in a certain campaign is entirely up to the participants. The subject has been addressed in an article in DRAGON magazine (“Blueprint for a Lich,” by Len Lakofka, in #26), but that “recipe” was offered only as a suggestion and not as a flat statement of the way it’s supposed to be done.
 
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