Actually, I'm not doing an alternate Earth so much as using it for inspiration. However, maps are the toughest thing for me to make. I am planning on using the Wilderlands for my overland maps, but we'll see. An alternate Earth could be interesting. An analogous time would be ~ 1500s maybe for a campaign start. I find that to be an interesting time. Basic gunpowder, still lots of swordplay, mercenary groups that function a lot like D&D adventuring companies and a strong age of sail.
Dwarves
It has seemed natural to me that Neanderthals would be dwarves. They were shorter and stronger, lived in caves and several had red hair. They haven't been seen in a long time. I imagined Neanderthals delving deep into the mountains to make a life for themselves while escaping the grinding ice that was inexorably pushing south. Also, for a long time there were no grave goods or adornments found in what were thought to be Neanderthal graves. There were in Cro-magnon and H. sapiens graves. It seemed that the Neanderthal had no appreciation of the divine whereas the Cro-magnon did. Wow, that must mean that if dwarves are modified Neanderthal they might not have any connection to the gods, or may not even have souls.
But, one of the conceits of D&D is that there are gods.*
There is a Christian sect that believes that when you die, you're dead. Your family sticks you in the ground, people cry, you rot and that's that. But, if you are one of the saved, when Jesus comes again in glory you get to be resurrected in an ideal body in a perfect world.** Hey... taking that idea when the Neanderthal are hiding out down below they might encounter a great power. A primordial power, you might say. Rather than being a balrog or Illearth stone, this power under the earth might be somewhat benevolent. In return for following some strictures, which serve the power's interests as well as giving the power the necessary might and information, it will agree to give these ur-dwarves a similar kind of afterlife. This could even lead to a certain hierarchy where heroes are reborn in a pocket plane and could be called if necessary. But, I'm getting ahead of myself.
So, dwarves are evolved Neanderthals, adapted to a life underground, are soulless yet have a higher power they respect and follow.
Elves
Hmm. Elves. I had a love / hate relationship with elves. They were cool. Too cool. Not only did they have the whole Tolkien thing going, they were mechanically great. When we were playing first or second edition there was a running joke that they were the master race because they were just mechanically better than everyone else.#
Reading a post Gallogach posted a little while ago reminded me of them. Alfheimer, people of the elven country. Hmm... after Ragnorrok Baldr is supposed to come back from Hel with Hodr and some of the other young gods and find a lush countryside with a hotter sun. They find a man and a woman, strong and capable, and lead them to a better life. What if when the glaciers retreated one of the ancient gods returned and found a small village of his people that the rest of the race preserved. The ice age began 130,000 years ago; imagine a race that had preserved children that slept for 100,000 years and one of their demigods comes back and wakes them up. This demigod gives them a quick tutorial about what's going on, what they need to know, and hides and defends them until they have a generation or two under their belt and are ready to go out into the world.
Not only are you long lived but you have improved senses and have basic weapons training. You remember your coming of age ceremony when you were personally blessed by your creator's divine grandson. It's enough to give anyone delusions of granduer. But, this god doesn't do anything for his children at a distance, unless you are a cleric, and adventuring elves just have to see what's down to the south.
So, elves are the new and improved children of the first (human) race who have the benefits of direct divine instruction.
Humans
Men. You know, I've wanted a campaign with just playable humans for a while. There may be kobolds, orcs and goblins but if you are playing a character it is going to be a human.$ There would, or course, be differences depending on where you grew up. I'm also kind of lazy, so I want to use rules and such that are already present. Like, my GURPS Conan sitting on my shelf right over there.
Cimmerians. I mean, really, is there anything better than a half-orc to represent one of them? Bonuses to strength and constitution and a penalty to charisma, what could be more barbaric? I don't want humans with unusual eyes, however, so I'll give them some environmental survival bonus rather than special vision.
Zamorans. Zingarans. Two halves of the same coin.## Natural rogues. Reminiscent of the Roma, good at throwing knives and "spider haunted towers". Halflings are good rogues and good at throwing things. Hmm. Stretch them out a bit and you're good. Maybe give them just a drop of drow to make them interesting. Just a drop, now. A little goes a long way.
Stygians. They are the prototypical cleric / magic-users. I'll make them half-elves mechanically but they have no relation to the Alfheimer above. A fair bit of tweaking too depending on how I want to play their resistances.
Hyborians, the Aquilonians, Nemedians and such, would be standard humans probably. I chuckle a bit on basing the Picts off of the gnomes as they can talk to animals.
Originally, I was making this for 4e, but I find myself thinking of AD&D mechanically as I think about it. Hmm...
Religions next, I think.
* Sorta. Work with me.
** Sorta. It's more complicated than that and no disrespect is intended.
# Mostly. Yeah, you could build a better character, but you gotta admit, elves were pretty sweet.
## Sorta. Some people think that Howard confused the two and were originally supposed to be the same nationality.
$ Yeah, I said human only right after detailing two other races. Work with me. Dwarves and elves are human too, just altered.