The closest thing I've seen would be the Gnome Artificer (which, despite the name, can be taken by humans) in Magic of Faerun. They create mechanical devices which emulate spell effects, and are the masters of craft skills.
I think I recall seeing another one somewhere as well, but I forget what book (or magazine) that was in...
The New Arabian Adventure site is supposed to have the next version of its netbook out on Nov. 1st, conceivably they may have one there (It's not in the current version.). You could check with the webmaster.
It was from Al-Qaddim. It was a mage that specialized in making mechanical constructs powered by magic. So much more fun then just making boring magic items.
No clue where you might find one for 3E, but I'd just like to chime in saying that the 2E Complete Shi'ar's Handbook is one of the all-time best D&D sourcebooks ever! It's so full of original and interesting ideas for prestige classes! If you have the Shi'ar's book you should convert the Clockwork Mage from that into a 3E PrC!
Faiths and Pantheons has the Techsmith, a follower of Gond (both arcane and divine spellcasters), which gains some abilities related to Golems and constructs.
Spells and Spellcraft, by FFG, has a section on building constructs and golems of all kinds, anywhere from size Tiny to Gargantuan, and even giving them special abilities like Flight and Breath Weapons.