I would kind of suggest 'off the map' as well, if you want to use the trappings and gods of Golarion.
You'd need a powerful empire with a powerful, hostile elven nation with a city between them, analogues for most of the specific locations (like the fire forest, a city by the sea with mage school, etc).
Part the burning's sky's appeal is that the peninsula is fairly isolated. We don't know much about the world around it. There are a lot of power groups that would become involved if teleporting stopped working on a large scale. I honestly think it would be more difficult to adapt the burning sky in this way than it would be to come up with a homebrew.
Even successful adaptations that I have seen in the past, make a lot of exceptions. For instance, I recall someone running it in Eberron as the distant past in Sarlona. They could have similar cultures and religions, but not have to shoehorn.
You may want to consider something like that. Adapt things from Golarion that you or the players might be interested in, rather than the other way around. If you want Ragesia to employ an order of Hellknights, or a PC wants to follow Iomadae, just let them and don't worry about the wider world.
Just my 2 cents.