Just off the top of my head, some "Appendix N"-type literature that involves capture and prisoners:
* Conan is captured by Belit and ends up co-leader of her pirate band (Queen of the Black Coast);
* Conan is defeated in battle and taken prisoner, but escapes the dungeons of his captor (The Scarlet Citadel);
* Conan is defeated in battle and taken priooner, but escapes with the help of Zenobia (The Hour of the Dragon);
* Arran is captured by pirates, and has to be rescued by Ged (The Farthest Shorre);
* Gandalf is captured by Saruman and has to be rescued by Gwaihir (LotR);
* The hobbits are captured by Barrow Wights and have to be rescued by Bombadil (LotR);
* Merry and Pippin are captured by Orcs and escape to Fangorn (LotR);'
* Frodo is captured by Shelob and Orcs and has to be rescued by Sam from Cirith Ungl; later they have to fall in with some Orcs and then escape off the side of the road (LotR);
* Princess Leia is captured by Darth Vader and has to be rescued (Star Wars);
* Leia, Han and companions are captured on Bespin and have to escape (Star Wars);
* Lando is taken prisoner (briefly) by the protagonists and then joints them (Star Wars);
* Leia, Han and friends are captured by Jabba and have to escape (Star Wars);
* Leia, Han and squad are captured by Imperial forces on Endor and rely on an Ewok uprising to escape (Star Wars);
* Luke surrenders to Vader and is taken prisoner on the Death Star and escapes (Star Wars).
None of these is a peripheral example of the sort of fiction fantasy and sci-fi adventure RPGs are designed to emulate. In my view a system that breaks down in these sorts of contexts, or that relies purely on GM fiat, is not fit for purpose.
EDIT: Forgot this one, from LotR:
* Sam and Frodo are taken prisoner by the rangers of Ithilien, and are released after befriending them.