Str was added in 3e.
Dex was added to bow damage in 2e-4e.
Not quite.
In 3e, as you say, Strength was added to damage, but only with a specially-made bow. In 4e, it was instead Dex that was added to damage.
In 2nd Ed, Str was added to bow damage (and thrown weapons). Again, the bow had to be made specially, though no rules are given for how this is done.
I haven't been able to find a definitive reference in 1st Ed - the description in the Str table says this applies to
melee only, but in the DMG there are also some references to it applying to thrown weapons. I haven't been able to find anything about bows.
However, in both 1st and 2nd Ed, Dex could grant a bonus (or impose a penalty) to
attack rolls with missile weapons. It does not, however, apply to damage rolls with these weapons.
Edit: I also checked the BD&D "Rules Cyclopedia". There, Str applies to attack rolls with melee weapons, and damage to melee and thrown weapons (not bows). Dex applies to ranged attack rolls, but not damage.