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Clear things have been disputed before and will be again. Courts make formal judgments and toss out lawsuits because of clear rules all the time.
In the case of my example and the DMG example on page 5, the player is trying to take an action that clearly violates the rules. The DM then steps in and makes a judgment saying, "Hey, the rules on this are clear and you can't do that."
Referees in Football games do it, too. When one team lines up 12 men on the field, they haven't taken an action yet and the rules are clear. When the ball is snapped, the Ref then tosses a flag and adjudicates the situation, halts the action telling the team no, you can't do that, and then assesses a penalty to the offending team.
It is a formal judgment, even if it's to tell the person no, because there's a rule preventing it. The clarification you mention is just the reason behind the judgment.
Yeah, ok. I can see a case (the hold person one probably isn't it) where an appeal to the written rules is being made, but the answer isn't clear, so the DM has to adjudicate. With the result perhaps being, "You weren't allowed to take an action just then."
So I was off in the weeds trying to overly restrict the use of the word "adjudicate". Somehow we got from "adjudicate the outcome of an attempted action" to adjudication in general. And honestly I've lost track of why.