Proficiency goes from +2 (at 1st level) to +6 (at 17th level). I think the system can handle that without falling apart, and if the game designers are worried that a goblin can't hit the plate armored 17th level fighter, well, that's a trivial concern.
No, it is a core concern.
In raw 5e, fighting orcs/goblins at level 20 can be a threat. You have to expend resources (like spells) to kill them en-mass, and they can threaten in aggregate.
A non-magic item using L 20 fighter has 21 AC with defensive fighting style. A CR 1/2 orc has +5 to hit, hitting 1 time in 4.
With magic armor/shield, they become near-immune to the orc (only crits hit); or, with proficiency scaling, it is free.
With proficiency scaling, that fighter hits 31 AC base. Make it an EK with shield spell and we are talking a 36 AC to reliably hit the fighter. This shuts down even CR 20 foes.
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A level 20 wizard has something like 16 AC (mage armor, 16 dex). With a staff of power and ring of protection, they have 17 AC.
The orc hits on a 12+ (45% of the time).
Toss in 4 points of proficiency scaling, and that orc hits 25% of the time and is barely half as effective at attacking a low-AC high level player.
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Basically, hyper-scaling of defences makes low level monsters into trivial threats, even on low AC players. Already high level fighters can get AC sufficient to make high-level threats often miss; with proficiency scaling, they could make high level vsAC threats trivial.
A side effect of that is monsters will stop attacking AC, in practice.