Lyxen
Great Old One
Backgrounds are especially useful to represent a culture because each specifies one of the roles within the culture.
No, background do nothing to represent culture. As written, there is absolutely zero difference between an acolyte in a fairly primitive culture and one in a very civilised one. Also, generic backgrounds are, RAW, available in any culture, whereas backgrounds provided in adventures are not necessarily tied to a specific culture, but just to an environment. For example the variation on acolyte in BGDiA just ties it to one religious community in Baldur's GAt,e but after that it might be in a specific area of BG or even in Little Calimshan which has its own very specific culture, and there is no specification there.
A background is just a role within society, but if that society is multicultural (which is often the case in developed settings), it does nothing in itself to define the culture.