Just as an historical note: The fast majority of "troops" in a medieval battle didn't have any armor, or even formal weapons. Most were farmers wielding farm implements like bill hooks or pitchforks. They were the "peasant yoemen" drafted on relatively short notice.
Standing armies were a luxury that few cared to afford.
Depends on the situation. In an emergency where anyone who could fight was turning up, you might get some equipped like that. But if you turned up like that to answer the King's muster, then you'd be sent home and fined for not being properly equipped. You should read some of the laws on the things you're supposed to have if you turn up to a Muster - it's not just weapons, there are logistical obligations too.