Okay, folks, awesome feedback from everyone, thank you all very much!
When I did my first pass at this, here were a few of my thoughts.
- By requiring an action to cast, Pass Concentration has a significant action economy cost.
- By making it 4th level, I'm making sure it has a significant cost in spell slots.
- By requiring a spell slot of the level of the spell you're passing, Pass Concentration has an inherent limiter, since you only ever get 1 slot of 7th or higher level.
- By requiring someone to keep up concentration, you are not completely discarding the balancing effect of requiring concentration in the first place, just moving the burden around.
- The pcs with the best Con saves are probably also the pcs who are getting targeted the most, making them a risky proposition for passing concentration to.
- The 30 foot range also seemed like a good way to make sure you weren't pulling "the guy concentrating is miles away" shenanigans, but I think it needs more reinforcement.
There are quite a few issues I'd overlooked (e.g. "Pass concentration to Joe, and Joe runs away into a
rope trick). But that's why I posted!
I do want to address one point in particular.
Even though the player is intended to manage their own resources as part of the game, given the lack of tools available to prevent resting, this sort of spell would only exacerbate the problem at-hand.
This is a playstyle thing, but I'm not concerned about this at all. I use random encounters, and the pcs' rests are often interrupted, to the point that they sometimes choose whether to try to take a long rest based on whether they have the resources to take on one more encounter plus an encounter if they are caught resting by something. Even short rests aren't at all a sure thing for the characters in my campaign.
In addition, while I'm not a fan of "long rest after every encounter" (and I strictly enforce the 1 long rest/24 hours rule, and with random encounters, pcs rarely have that option), I am a huge fan of the passage of time in game. I love the idea of watching the world evolve over time, watching pc families grow, etc. So when the pcs try to pass some time, I'm absolutely fine with it. (They just aren't assured of success.)