In 2e here is the description from the
DMG
Book of Vile Darkness: This is a work of ineffable evil—meat and
drink to priests of that alignment. To fully consume the contents
requires one week of study, but once this has been accomplished,
the evil priest gains one point of Wisdom and enough experience
points to place him halfway into the next level of experience.
Priests neither good nor evil who read the book either lose 30,000–
120,000 experience points or become evil without benefit from the
book; there is a 50% chance for either. Good priests perusing the
pages of the unspeakable book of vile darkness will have to successfully
save vs. poison or die; and if they do not die they must successfully
save vs. spell or become permanently insane. In the latter event, even
if the save is successful, the priest loses 250,000 experience points,
less 10,000 for each point of Wisdom he has.
Other characters of good alignment suffer 5d6 points of damage
from handling the tome, and if they look inside, there is an 80%
chance a night hag will attack the character that night. Nonevil neutral
characters suffer 5d4 points of damage from handling the book, and
reading its pages causes them to succeed on a save vs. poison or
become evil, immediately seeking out an evil priest to confirm their
new alignment (see Book of Exalted Deeds for other details).