I recently was discussing with some friends that haven't followed the progression of the 5e/DDN playtest and we came to a similar topic and similar conceptualization of classes. We narrowed it down to 6 "archetypes" but where we differed was along the lines of origin and play styles. The 6 categories and the "primary" class within each were:
1) Warriors - Fighter: The martial class or men at arms. They are the guards, knights, soldiers, gladiators, weapon masters, etc
2) Priests - Cleric: Devout followers of god(s) who draw power from divine beings that grant them powers based on their patron(s)'s ethos.
3) Scoundrels - Rogue: Characters who rely primarily on guile and cunning.
4) Mentalists (couldn't find a better name) - Psion: They draw power from within rather than from without to develop powers of the mind and/or over their bodies.
5) Primalists (see above) - Druid: By communing with the natural world and its living beings, they manipulate the material world.
6) Arcanists - Wizard: Spellcasters that study mystical hermetic formula and phenomena and manipulate arcane powers.