Straight Fighters and Paladins with AC 21 by 5th level aren't that uncommon. No need to get fancy about it. The thing is, getting much above that requires spells and magic items. Since in 5e, magic items are rare and discretionary, there's no reason at all to think a 17th-level Fighter will have 28 AC from his +3 Shield, +3 Plate, and +1 Ring of Protection. He might very well have found little more than the ring and a +1 shield, or maybe even nothing at all. By contrast, the expected AC for a 17th-level fighter in 3rd edition appears to be around 31.