I'm going to address this in more detail.
Storm Raven said:
They may pay some lip service to it, but they express everything in wages and weekly pay.
It has to be expressed as something. But as noted many times in the text, ordinary wealth is tied up in capital and commodities, not coin.
And both were executed for their efforts. Both were considered to be exceptional and, in Joan's case, heretical. You aren't making much of an argument by trotting them out.
Of course they were exceptional! Anyone who achieves great advancement is exceptional. We were talking about exceptions. Obviously, not everyone can be President of the United States at the same time, or king, or whatever.
As to their fates, ... do most PCs meet better ends? At least Joan wasn't killed by vegepygmies.
In any event, how many PCs are defined as even "minor gentry"? The vast majority of PCs seem to be some sort of generic "free person" class (which was fairly rare in actual medieval society), who, in reality, would have had little opportunity for significant political advancement.
Knights were required to have "franchise", i.e. freedom. Scottish lairds, free farmers, German burghars, escaped peasants, craftsmen, and many others existed on a plane below true aristocrats but had freedom, saved wealth, and opportunity for advancement. German landsknechts and Swiss pikemen were also freemen, as were most ship captains.
While the knight and baronial classes tended to blend, ultimately you had both freemen (of which knights belonged) and minor gentry (the barony) who were not precisely interchangeable.
Bessemer would be surprised to learn that.
In any event, these are merely refinements on previous processes, and in most cases have direct military application. Sure, they were done to a certain extent, but even the most basic chemical processes (at the time) were invested with magical significance (see The Last Sorcerers) and were poorly understood, and kept secret.
I think the tanner's guild would be surprised to learn that, or leaders of glass.
No, the country farmers were not. But the people with money and power were. That is the major difference in mind set as the transition from the medieval period to the renaissance period took place. When leaders began financing exploration, encouraging discovery and invention, providing prizes for scholarly accomplishments, and so on, a major shift in the culture took place - a top down shift. Rather than the bulk of scholarship being the process of translating and interpreting received wisdom (and yes, there were expreimentalists in the mediaval period, but they were rare and exceptional), the idea of creating something entirely new became valued. Instead of studying Aristotle and Galen, scholars began pioneering their own ideas. Sure, it meant little to the country farmer, but then again, the doings of a band of D&D adventurers probably would mean little to a country farmer in a fantasy world too, but it meant a significant shift in how money and power pushed technology.
I think that the personalization of magic... that is, the need for a live spellcaster, the need to handcraft individual items, the inaccessiblity to the masses... makes it an excellent parallel to medieval science and technology, which lacked mass production. Eberron, of course, turns this assumption on its head.
It's all very well and good to talk about paradigm shifts, but tell me, on what day and date, and where, did the Renaissance begin? Was there some specific event that caused people to start "pioneering" instead of merely "experimenting?" If the Renaissance began in Italy, what were people in England doing at the time?