Typically a player describes what their character is doing. I may call for an ability check or not. If I do I'll inform the player of the ability check, and the DC, and which proficiencies can apply. I may assign advantage, disadvantage or neither. If the player had a certain proficiency in mind that I did not mention specifically, they can tell me and I will tell them if it applies to the roll or not. If a player in their description can tie what they are doing to to their background, or something that happened previously in the game, they might get advantage kind of like a specific Inspiration die they can use on this roll.
Sometime they ask for a check. Sometimes I ask for clarification on what their character is doing to better understand and set the DC, assign advantage, apply skill proficiency etc. Sometimes I don't.
I don't know how that maps on to the options in the poll which I found confusing.