My point was that they tried NOT make them seem people. I don't think Tolkien got out of his way to make them have some kind of society, or even a lot of what we may call free will. When I think of Tolkien orcs, I don't think "mmm, a civilization with a functional society, where everyone has free will, where a small part of the population is conscripted into armed service to fight a war and who happen to be on the opposite side of us" [while, as you mention, "us" is the side of Elves, who are for most part not nice guys in the first place]. If it was his intent, then it failed to convey it to me and I dare say he could have done a better job.