True but the 1E Barbarian used the same weapons and armor as everyone else. The 2E Barbarian really played up the stone age thing.
Yes and no in 1e about same weapons. The chart in Unearthed Arcana stated proficient any weapon. However, there starting number of weapon proficiences was proficient in 1e was only six (Unearthed Arcana). Of the starting weapons, "the initial number of weapons the barbarian uses must include the hand axe, knife and spear. Additional weapons based upon the barbarian's native area may be chosen by the DM" (Unearthed Arcana p. 18). Of thecultural examples given in Unearthed Arcana
Frost, Ice, and Snow Barbarians had to also have proficiency in broad sword and short bow leaving one open starting weapon slot.
Rovers of the Barrens, Tiger, and Wolf Nomads which represented horse nomads were given a choice of the following (and had no additional choices):
a) Club, Javelin, and lasso or short bow; or
b) lance, scimitar, and composite short bow
Amedio Jungle: club, blow gun or short bow, and dart or javelin
Hepmonaland: atlatl and javelin, club, and short sword
In 2e, I am not sure to what you are referring. There were several kits considered to be "Barbarian kits" (edit: in the 2 Complete Fighter's Handbook): The Barbarian, Berserker, The Beast-Rider, the Savage, and the Wilderness Warrior. The savage is the most "primitive" and represents stone age. The Wilderness Warrior was similar to the 1e Barbarian in that it was tied to a starting terrain and the examples given have suggested weapons based upon terrain. The kits and any starting armor and weapon restrictions were only for starting. As characters with these kits leveled, they could learn any weapon available to the fighter. As for armor, after the start of play, they could wear any armor available to fighters if they encountered it. Thus, they were not much different in this respect than the 1e Barbarian.