Make me a Roman Legionaire

Greetings!

Tyler, just excellent!:) That is a very good, very well-rounded character that accurately reflects the broad range of useful skills that a Roman Centurion would have, in addition to a ferocious skill in combat! Equipment, feats, and so on, very good!:)

As for the virtues of the Medieval and the Roman military machine and societies that supported them, well, I would say that the Romans would win, hands down.

Tactically: The Romans were the masters of war. They *wrote the book!* on warfare. The medievalists, well, they may have had access to some moldy book in a monastary somewhere, but most of them were entirely illiterate--even the vaunted nobility. Most of the Romans, on the other hand, were essentially literate, and the officers particularly so, and the commanders were often scholars.

In addition, the Romans displayed far more flexible imagination in deploying their troops, using combined arms, night fighting, rain, weather, everything was carefully and scientifically even--taken into account in order to bring about victory in war. Read Caesar's Legion to get an idea of what Caesar was doing 50 years before Christ, and 1250 years before the nobility of early Europe. In contrast, most medieval commanders were crude, basic, and simple in their deployments and tactics, and generally unimaginative, and also slow to adapt to new circumstances and new tactics.

Caesar would have annihilated the Europeans by a swift pincher attack carried out at night with concurrent deception columns to distract the main force, while ambushes were set, and the European force could be panicked in the dark and fire of an attack, and they would have been annihilated.

The Mongols often used tactics that the Romans were familiar with--and skilled in neutralizing 1000 years before--and yet tens of thousands of European knights blindly blundered into again and again. The European record for tactical flexibility during this era is adequate at best, and no where near the fever pitch of skill that would be needed to defeat a typical Roman Legatus in command of a full Roman army.

The Romans faced Huns, Avars, Scythians, Parthians,--all who were master horsemen, and world-renowned archers. The Parthians even had heavily armoured knights. The Romans defeated them all.

In addition, when determining such a battle, it isn't about equal numbers. The Romans were capable of fielding enormous armies, which dwarfed anything the Medieval Europeans literally--could dream of. Even then, the Romans were highly skilled at defeating two and three times their number of the enemy. Though it would be likely under such a scenario that the Romans would heavily outnumber the Europeans, so the Romans would win even faster.

The Romans were also not without cavalry of their own, and the Romans are the ones that started deploying armoured, mounted cavalry after being inspired by the contributions of the Parthians. The Romans still were capable of defeating them, but they saw a good idea nonetheless!:)

The Roman Legions also made use of integrated field artillery, which would have shredded groups of foot archers, knights, and crossbowmen alike. The Romans also had units of incredibly skilled Peltasts--well-trained guerrilla warriors skilled in swift running and deadly accurate with a satchel of javelins. Peltast units regularly decimated enemy ranks of foot-archers--like English Longbowmen. Peltasts were only outclassed by skilled mounted archers, which the medieval Europeans did not employ to a significant degree. Thus, these forces and tactics would have made serious inroads at compromising the apparent advantage of English Longbowmen or Italian Crossbowmen.

The Europeans would thus be denied those assets, thus leaving the mounted knights. The Roman formations easily adapted to using longer polearms in such circumstances, and did so when the occasion required it. Thus, you would see the European knights being pinned by units of pikemen, then swarmed with sword-armed legionnaires, all the while being targetted by Roman archers. Thus, the knights die.

Rome wins the battle.:)

Again, Rome would be likely to win such a struggle because of a complex of different factors, all running together, that the European Medievalists just didn't have.

The Europeans seemed impressive when fighting small numbers of their own kind, or when mowing down ranks of half-armed peasants. They would likely go down in horrible bloody defeat when faced with a precision-drilled, iron-disciplined, well-equipped, highly motivated force, especially like the Romans.

As for cultural achievements, well, the Romans here so far outclass the Europeans I don't know where to begin.

(1) Coloseum--80,000 spectators! These were throughout the empire, not just in Rome.

(2) Sewers--throughout Roman cities

(3) Bathhouses--throughout the Roman Empire, and available to everyone. The Europeans didn't even believe in bathing. It was rediscovered when the Europeans came to the New World, and were astonished to find that the natives "bathed daily". The Romans would have thought Europeans to be dirty barbarians!:)

(4) Hot/Cold running water

(5) Concrete! This wasn't rediscovered by European craftsmen until the 1800's, I think. Certainly after 1500.

(6) Mass transit of food to feed cities with populations of 500,000 to a million or more. Rome had a population of over 1,000,000--while Alexandria had over 600,000. The Europeans, despite technically more advanced forms of plows and crop rotation, were unable to have populations of these sizes until the 1800's.

(7) Aquaducts, bringing tens of thousands of gallons of fresh water from hundreds of miles away to places needing water.

and on and on. The cultural achievements of the Romans dwarf those of early medieval Europe, from which the Dark Ages were named, because Europe had lost the civilization and achievements of the classical age--of Rome--for over 1000 years. It wasn't really until the later parts of the Middle Ages for many things that the Europeans even began to reclaim the glory that was lost.

Well, I agree with others here as well, but here are some of my thoughts!:)

Semper Fidelis,

SHARK
 

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Interesting thing.. the difference between the effectiveness of the Roman Cavalry and Medievil cavalry because of the stirrup is not that great. This is because the Romans had a specially designed War Saddle. It allowed them to fight on horseback very effectively.

Check out a book by the name of "Training the Roman Cavalry".. since I am not at home I can only give you the name at the moment. That book did a lot to show me just how good the Roman Cavalry would have been.
 

...it seems that in Caesar's Legion, the legionnaires while fighting in formation, do a lot of *dropping their enemies* (suggesting power attack, cleave and great cleave)...
Doesn't any fighter drop enemies though? You don't need Power Attack, Cleave, or Great Cleave to drop enemies -- and, as I said before, those Feats conjure up a brawny barbarian hacking through hordes of smaller, civilized men, not a wiry legionary stabbing multiple enemies in a row with a short, pointy gladius.
--while also during combat, their seems no lack of space or ability for them to dodge about and move as they fight, (which suggests dodge and mobility, and spring attack) which makes me think that perhaps you interpret the Roman formation as being more restrictive to their movement than their performance would suggest.:)
I'm certainly not claiming that Roman soldiers were immobile, but I can't endorse the notion that they specialized in dancing around like movie musketeers or kung-fu fighters. That's not their niche.
I agree that the feats you mentioned from Oriental Adventures are excellent, and should be added to the list!:)
Agreed then.

Here are a few more that make some sense:
Eyes in the Back of Your Head -- unflankable
Hold the Line -- AoO against Charge
Shield Expert -- use shield as weapon while retaining AC bonus
Pin Shield -- attack shield, AoO against opponent w/o shield AC

Perhaps we could find some way to tweak Pin Shield to work with a Bull Rush? That might handle the initial charge, shield on shield. Suggestions?
 

just a little flavour thingy..

the Roman's used to wear their swords on the same side as they wielded it.. ie, it would be scabbarded on their right hip if they used it in their right hand. This was so that it would not foul on the shield when they tried to draw it.
And a related "flavor thingy": Centurions wore their sword on the opposite side, the left.
 

Warfare in the Classical World

SHARK mentioned this book earlier, and I have to second this as a great source book for more information. It provides some good information for not just Roman military, but other military powers from other cultures as well. Again the author is John Warry.

This thread also brought up some questions that I have regarding integrating historical themes in my own campaigns. But rather than hijacking this thread, I'll start a new one.
 

Flavor Questions

What Roman artifacts would be eligible for enchantment in a Fantasy setting?

I would vote for the Centurion's stick, the Eagles, and the trumpets.

Also, I have to give Tyler props for using the swashbuckling adventurers wanderer class to make a centurion. Someone who's been in the legion for 10 years would almost certainly have the travel experience to qualify.

My own opinion on the Medieval vs. Romans issue is that it really depends on what period of Romans are fighting which medieval army. But I would generally give the Romans the edge. Most medieval armies would not have had nearly the level of field experience or sophistication a legion would possess.

On the other hand, I do not think that the a Roman legion would have had much of a chance against an equivalent force of Mongols. Even during the heights of their power and sophistication the Roman's had issues with really mobile cavalry forces: Cassius and his legions, Adrianople, problems with the huns...

And the Mongols are the Romans of the nomad world. They too used field artillery, their logistical skills were insanely good, and a Mongol Imperial soldier was in close to the same category of hardness as a Centurion while still in the ranks.

They were just scary.

There's some really neat historical accounts of Roman legions and their commanders working to hold little bits of civilization against the barbarians after the west had fallen.

I've always wanted to see an RPG based on that period.
 
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The Roman Legions were pretty good I will agree but they weren't made up of mostly 10th level fighters.

JMO here but a Roman Legion would be made up of Fighters (not Warriors though) of Levels 2-6 mostly. Just add 2 skill points per level and make a few professions class skills and bingo-- Instant Leginaire


1st- Recruit just trained'
2nd- 1 year of service
3rd- 3 years of service
4th- 5 years of service
5th - 10 years of Service
6th - 15 year veteran
7th- 20 year Veteran

Add a level or two if the guy saw combat

An Example

Merricus
1 year legion veteran

Human Fighter 2
12
10
10
12
13
11

Feats
Phlanx fighting
Endurance,
Shield Expert
1 other

Skills
Profession Legionaire
Profession Engineer
others

Equipment
Chain Shirt
Helmet
3- Pilum
Shortsword

Special Notes
The Pilum is a martial weapon that can be thrown at a shiled. THe thrower takes a -2 penalty and if he hits and suceeds in penetrating his enemies shields Hardness the shield is rendered useless. This will not work against magic shields unless the pilum has greater plusses. A pilum used in this tactics is destroyed with a hit.


And yes these low level guys (about 4th on average) were the terror of the ancient world

The reasons are many but the big four

Resources,
Kill 1 legion guy so what there is another hundred. OTOH if you kill a Babarbarian, no replacements. And if he is a part timer, no crops next year

Training. His enemies were mostly Warriors, about he same level but with less feats in D&D terms. Even the Barabarians they fought weren't as well trained

Logisitcs.
Full army with integrated units will always defeat a horde of indvidual fighters.

Gear.
Typical Barabarian Warrior has a spear and a shield (wood). Roman guy, Shield+ More Weapons+ plus Chain or Better Armor

In D&D terms, Legionaires have four more points of AC!

For another take try the Soldier class from Sovereign Stone. It is set up with formatuions in mind or if you like there is a legionaire class in The Hunt Rise of Evil setting (from Mystic Eye games) as well.


Finally i should add that a roman style legion is not going to work with standard D&D magic assumtions. One Wizard with a fireball wand can break up almost any formation.

Now in a low Magic or High Magic realm (like SHARKs World) its another story
 

SHARK said:
Greetings!

Hmmm...well, mmadsen, as usual, I like your reasoning, but yet...it seems that in Caesar's Legion, the legionnaires
Tarchon omnibus SPD,

As much as people on here seem to like it, the excerpts I read incline me to take its depictions cum grano salis. There are plenty of real history books in the world. I'd recommend a translation of Vegetius (for details) or Caesar (for a grander sweep) more than anything though.
I particularly like Vegetius because he spends a lot of time going on about the most tedious details, exactly what you need for RPG settings. Caesar's a far better writer obviously, but you don't hear him mention, for example, that all Roman recruits were drilled extensively in swimming or discuss construction methods for practice dummies and anti-elephant tactics.
You can pick such things out from fictional accounts of course, but it's difficult to know whether the author is basing something on history or imagination unless you've already read the sources.
 

The Roman Legions were pretty good I will agree but they weren't made up of mostly 10th level fighters.
The example under discussion isn't a typical legionary; he's a veteran of many great battles, chosen for the rank of Centurion based on his bravery and skill.
 

Whodat said:

The tremendous Gothic cathedrals of the later Renaissance may be impressive to look at, but when you consider that they often took over a hundred years to construct, while the Romans could place a magnificent bathhouse in about ten years. I believe the Coliseum took only about five.
The Pantheon is pretty impressive too, and it's still intact, and some aqueducts are still functional. I would have to say the Roman/Medieval argument hinges on the exact time period you pick. In the early Medieval, it's pretty hard to argue that anyone in Europe (outside Byzantium) could match early/mid Imperial technology or military might, but I would have to agree that by mid 13th century, the more advanced countries had technology of the same order, though more advanced in some aspects and more backwards in others. I really don't doubt that the Romans could have built Gothic cathedrals if they'd wanted to, but that simply wasn't the kind of thing Romans were interested in building. Likewise, modern construction technology could easily build giant stone pyramids, but we just aren't a pyramid-building culture.
 

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