Just a quick note. Samurai were not nobility, unless you're talking daimyo class. The nobility were the Kuge. Samurai would probably be better thought of as gentry.
I think the intended contrast was (to use English categories) between land-holders and peers.Gentry were nobility in England.
We'd seen those earlier in the thread. The top photo (the one wearing armor), no sword ... but the bottom one (kimono, hairpins, no kabuto) is that a wakizashi or a katana?
As for the bottom picture. I was hoping someone more knowledgeable that you or I could share some wisdom to identify the sword. Still holding out for someone who knows more about kenjutsu or this photo than us.
I am not worrying about the art. My issue is with the background as written. The character is supposed to have a specialty, but the specialty offers no differentiation. Every character has the same skills, tools, equipment, and feature whether cavalry, infantry, cook, etc.. In my opinion, this is just lazy/poor design. I have a similar issue with the Hermit.
Well, we can make some assumptions. If we assume this is a real picture of the Edo period, and not a later reconstruction or posed shot, then we can probably assume that as a woman she did not have the right of "myoji-taito". That is, the right to a last name and to carry a long sword. But while long swords were proscribed to samurai and others with special dispensations, short swords by all people could be worn for self-defense. Such blades could run the gamut from daggers to longish wakizashi -- the general prohibition being it could not reach 2 shaku (roughly two feet).The issue is the hilt style is pretty generic for a few Japanese swords. Would need to see the blade, or at least the scabbard, to know what type it is.