Wow, you've done a lot of good work here, las!
One thing I would suggest, though, is not lumping it all into one post at the start- it gets hard to read it all at once. I'd suggest splitting it into sections- one post on culture, one on military structures, one on alchemy, etc. It's just easier to read (for me, at least).
On to specific stuff I have comments on- I, too, wonder what the various mounts are. Maybe the sea riders ride on dolphins or hippocampi? The skyriders on pegasi or griffons?
The new spells you detailed- I don't think 0-level spells should be able to inflict damage personally, at least not more than one point at touch range, so you might make it subdual damage on Zap. (I do like the idea, though!) And I think Fire Dart should do less damage too, since Burning Hands has a much shorter range.
On second thought, B Hands doesn't take an attack roll and is area of effect... hmmm... lemme think that one over a little.
Or maybe a save (Ref half)? Then again, there's that touch attack... hmmm....
Need to mull on that one!
Also, as a suggestion, how about detailing what folks eat there? I've always found that that adds a great deal to the believability of a culture or country.
Good work- and lots of it!