In the Comics:
By the time he was in Junior High School, Clark had already developed all his usual powers (first to appear was invulnerability at age 5, then superstrength at age 8, then vision powers at age 12, then speed, then flight at age 17). He freely used his powers to become a powerhouse football player and to date the cheerleader captain (Lana), much to his father's disappointment.
After Clark single-handedly won the championship for Smallville High, Johnathan Kent took his son for a drive. He showed him the spot where the spaceship crashed (although the ship had been stolen by the man who later built Metallo). Clark realised that his true parents were out there (he didn't know he was adopted). By this time he still thought he was a human, perhaps a mutant. Only some years later, when he met the holographic image of Jor-El, did he learn of his alien heritage. Jor-El downloaded all kryptonian common knowledge into Clark's brain. Clark then decided that, while thankful to Jor-El and Lara for giving him life, he was son to Johnathan and Martha. Krypton mayhave made him a Superman, but Earth made him human.
(John Byrne's Man of Steel miniseries, 1986)