With eight years of 5e under our belts, I think we can overall say that yes, the Dex Fighter is generally better than the Str Fighter. It's not "oh honey, no, don't hurt yourself like that" to play a Str Fighter, but you're definitely giving up more than you get as a whole, even if you're still getting something. Features like Duelling style close part of the damage gap, or you can specialize in defense, especially if you can bum a mage armor off of an ally spellcaster at higher levels. Str Fighters are much more dependent on feats and tend to be focused on their one trick, while Dex Fighters are naturally versatile, slightly mitigating some weaknesses of the class (dealing with flying enemies, for example.) Dex is straight up better as a defensive and offensive stat due to Initiative and saving throws, and is obviously far more useful as a utility stat.
So...yeah. Especially in a world where any sort of Strength-boosting item can be acquired, the Dex Fighter is pretty much just better. Even without that, while it may not be unequivocally better in all conceivable circumstances, it's certainly closer to "just better" than it is to "pure trade-off."