Argh not this ridiculous chesnut again! Actually, they function in a way that is diametrically opposed to Healing Surges. HSes were the limited and controlled core of all healing in 4E. HD are free minor bonus healing.
5 mins = 1hr is a pretty bonkers change. It's kind of like if Wizards needed a week to regain their spells or something.
So yeah, the concept of rests beyond the daily, sure (though I think late 3.5E started that), but the implementation is strongly at-odds with 4E's "keep the game flowing" deal, instead becoming "Get the picnic basket and nap mats out!".
Not a 3E thing, I agree, but hardly limited to 4E - 2E's kits were VERY similar to 5E's sub-classes in many cases. So 2E and 4E influence.
Yep, but again we have stuff starkly at odds with 4E implementations, even ignoring scaling bonuses etc. etc.
Was in 3.5E, plus sorta repeating yourself.
What does it actually do?
Indeed. Far more 4E abilities left in the dust, though, many with no apparent design space to return.
Ruin, I think you are "ignoring the forest for the trees" as they say. Its true that 5e's implementation is pretty different than 4e...but I think you can clearly see 4e's design philosophy.
Hit Die...the 4e philosophy that "all classes should be able heal out of combat without magic".
1 hr rest...the 4e philosophy of "recharge mechanics beyond just the once per day long rest"
Monster design...4e's philosophies of "solo monsters require special rules to compete with a party" and "it takes a party of monsters to fight a party of players" by default.