And yet, Strength will not help you to hit the target.
In DnD's abstracted combat system it most certainly will.
Ahrimon is absolutely right. Strength will most certainly help you hit the target: both in D&D AND real life.
IRL, Human bodies have two different types of muscles or "Strength": fast twitch or smooth muscles and slow twitch or striated muscles.
Fast twitch muscles provide what we commonly describe as "Brute Strength", but they also provide speed and quickness...surges of strength...not to mention the "strength" to: twist a blade around against resistance, redirect an attack to a vulnerable area, control a weapon in the first place...
Both weightlifters and sprinters use this. The stronger your fast twitch muscles are, the more weight you can lift AND the faster you can move (which is one reason why the idea of being muscle-bound is a myth).
D&D does not model reality, as they place "speed" under Dexterity.
Dexterity is actually more like the efficiency of your brain-muscle connections and proprioception (your body's electro-mechanical feedback circuit working in concert with your brains spatial processing so you know where your limbs are without looking at them...which yes, also means the better your spatial-reasoning/intelligence is, the more agile or accurate you likely are...especially with training).
So, two main things go into "making an attack" (or any physical motion): Strength and Agility/Dexterity.
In other words, BOTH Strength and Dexterity "help you hit the target" (and actually, Intelligence does also...given equal strength and agility, the smartest combatant is the one most likely to win...but that's not how D&D works).
By the way, the other muscles (slow-twitch/striated muscles) are what provide Endurance (and not Constitution, as in D&D). The heart is a form of slow-twitch/striated muscle also.
Putting this all together as applies to attacks with bows; in real life:
Strength allows you to effectively draw the bow and "hold" the draw in a stable manner (not shaking due to exertion).
Dexterity allows you to use your eyes in concert with your muscles and limbs to accurately aim your shot.
Intelligence informs you of where to hit; where's the weak spots in the armor? - where's the vital spots on the targets body?
Wisdom informs you of when the moment is right; and tactically, how it relates to the greater fight.
Will allows you to control your emotions of the situation; to mentally counteract (as much as possible) your adrenaline (anyone who's ever been in real combat will tell you this is most certainly a factor that cannot be ignored).
But that's reality, not D&D.
D&D Abilities are "effective" abilities. They are already-combined abilities that describe the most commonly used applications within the activities common to a D&D game
In D&D:
Strength allows you to pack more punch and "penetrate" armor (if you can't get through the armor, you're not "hitting the target"...). High Strength characters focus more on brute force to successfully hit and damage the target, than they do on accuracy/placement.
Dexterity allows you to more accurately hit vital areas and weak points, "bypassing" armor to "hit the target" and cause more damage by hitting vital areas. High Dexterity characters focus more on accuracy/placement, than they do on brute force.
If D&D modeled reality, which it doesn't, you'd have something like:
Strength (fast-twitch/smooth muscles): lifting capacity and speed, high intensity physical activity
Agility (brain-muscle connection/proprioception): accuracy/efficiency of body movement
Dexterity (hand-eye coordination): picking-locks, detailed craft work, video-games - one can have high Dexterity (Craftsmen), without having high Agility (Athletes)...something you can't currently do with D&D
Endurance (slow-twitch/striated muscles): long duration, low intensity, physical activity
Constitution (homeostasis): genetic base augmented by physical fitness, to resist adverse environmental, biological, and toxic (toxins/poisons) threats to the body
Intelligence (generalized quantification of intelligence): could be broken down into eight or more Intelligences - in D&D generally covers ability to retain knowledge (which IRL, is not so definitively linked to Intelligence*), language skills, mathematical skills, analytical thinking, etc.
Will (judgement, sense of self, "existential" awareness): could also include "Critical Thinking" (reason, "how" to think, common sense...) - these are actually forms of Intelligence
Charisma (interpersonal relation): this is actually an Intelligence also; encompassing social skills/knowledge, emotional intelligence, and more abstract things like personal energy, appearance/attractiveness, etc.
So, in "Reality" you'd have at least eight Abilities, and as many as thirteen or fourteen, with composite "Applications" (as most "Tasks" do not use just one single "Ability", but instead use multiple Abilities in concert).
And you'd have a very complicated and difficult system to use.
*Memory and Intelligence: Memory is certainly important to Intelligence, but has only incidental application to analytical thinking itself (the ability to think critically and analytically), and beyond a certain threshold, doesn't improve effective intelligence (diminishing returns). And Intelligence has nothing to do with one's memory capacity (a perfect example is the average intelligence of those with eidetic memories).
Think of this like a computer. Having a big hard drive means your computer can remember a lot of stuff. Same with having a lot of RAM. But having a large hard drive or RAM chip won't make your computer any better than its processor capability. Fast, multiple processors equals high intelligence. Slow, single processors equal a low intelligence...and a dumb computer. However, as mentioned above, having a too small hard drive or RAM does effect what you can actually do with that high-speed processor; though above a certain threshold, the benefits are negligible.