Forget inertia!
Most folks expectation is that if you teleport to the top of a mountain, you
show up with no relative motion to the mountain, and no sudden chill to
compensate the added potential energy. Or, assuming you are on a spinning
globe, that teleporting from the equator to the north pole doesn't zing you
off at a thousand miles an hour; if instead to the exact opposite side of the
planet, doesn't fling you tangentially at about two thousand miles an hour.
My sense is that the spell does its best to put you in the most natural frame
of reference at the target.
That being said, there are problems. What happens if you are in motion in
the initial frame? Teleport, if able to compensate for other motions, could
easily compensate for your own, but should it? What happens if you teleport
from one ship to another passing by and moving in the opposite direction?
What if you miss and end up ten feet off the side of the ship?
A neat solution would be for the spell to transport you between frames,
that is, from your current frame to the <<frame>> that you memorized.
Of course, you still have to decide what to do when the frame is an unfamiliar
one. Would you allow the choice an unfamiliar frame that included a motion?
(I teleport this brick to that edge of the enemy troops, with, say,
2,000 miles/hour of motion towards the troops.

)