How does one roll with a fire ray? How does one roll with an electrical shock? You can dodge Fire Bolts, Scorching Rays, and the like...what's the difference from dodging a disintegrate ray? You don't take the brunt of the damage because you reacted quickly enough to remove yourself from harm. Isn't that intent?
Is taking a quarter damage all that powerful once a round? What if you need your reaction for something else like getting hammered by a death knight or a purple worm? I don't see how it becomes too powerful to work against anything that is an attack from another creature. You get the hell out of dodge.
Evasion works against everything with Dex saves. It basically acts as Damage Resistance to anything that gives a Dex save. Is it that much more powerful if you can use your single reaction to lower the damage to a quarter? Not really. A lot of the time against Dex effects, you'll take no damage. It doesn't make much sense you couldn't get out of the way of a disintegrate ray or similar attacks that have to hit a target full on.
All other saves aren't covered under evasion. Therein lies the issue.
There are wisdom and constitution saves that do damage. Does Uncanny Dodge work against them? Evasion only works against dexterity saves, right?
Let's say a wizard casts disintegrate against your rogue. It's a constitution save. It doesn't require an attack roll. Would it be impossible to see a rogue using Uncanny Dodge against a disintegrate ray? I think not. Is a disintegrate an attack? Does it hit you?
I think Uncanny Dodge would be effective against a disintegrate spell that focuses a ray at you. But according to some, only if the attack uses an attack roll is it effective. It would be nice to see this cleared up. It will greatly weaken Uncanny Dodge against non-dexterity based attacks that don't require an attack roll, but it will at least provide clarity. I imagine the as more spells come out, Uncanny Dodge will get weaker and weaker as casters choose spells that don't require attack rolls and do damage against a save other than dex.
If there was no attack roll made, there can be no hit. No hit means no uncanny dodge.
This game isn't PvP. You don't have to worry about other players casting non-attack roll spells against your rogue.
Some spells and effects are attacks. They use attack rolls. The only thing that qualifies as an attack is something that uses an attack roll. Casting a spell on someone and imposing a saving throw isn't an attack as it doesn't use an attack roll.
PHB p193 under the Making an Attack heading: Whether you're striking with a melee weapon, firing a weapon at range, or making an attack roll as part of a spell, an attack has a simple structure. Skip ahead a few sentences and move on to page 194. If there's ever any question whether something you're doing counts as an attack, the rule is simple. If you're making an attack roll, you're making an attack.
Ergo, no attack roll means no attack. If you aren't attacking you can't trigger Uncanny Dodge as it clearly states "when an attacker that you can see hits you with an attack"
There is nothing vague about the wording. There is no ambiguity. No attack roll = no attack = no Uncanny Dodge.