There are problems with these presentations.
First, just make centaurs Large. Large gives you both advantages and disadvantages. And just like other races...that's okay! Some races take penalties in outdoor adventures (sunlight sensitivity). Why is it a problem if others take penalties in indoor adventures? And the advantages are not a big thing--centaurs don't have increased reach, and being able to be surrounded by extra creatures is usually more of a detriment than a benefit. The way to de-nerf them is to give them better abilities, like unlimited charges.
Volo's guide felt it was better to try to properly represent the race, than to twist it to absurdity to a higher level of balance. That's what they need to do for such an oddball PC race. If I want to play a centaur, I want to play an actual centaur.
Second, given that they don't update via errata, it is entirely inappropriate to give new races multiple creature types, because they aren't going to apply that feature to the core race of elves (which of all races, most deserves two types). Just make centaurs monstrosities. These minotaurs are of course not the same species as the MM ones, and can just be humanoids.