I don't get too worked up about historical accuracy but traditional longbows typical had draw weights of 150 lbs or more depending on who you ask. In addition, I don't consider myself particularly dextrous but I was a pretty good shot with both firearms and archery because of time spent in my misspent youth. But I would never go hunting with a kiddie bow that I got when I was 10. There's just no way the arrows had enough force behind them to do significant damage.Oh come on, don’t be silly.
The “culprit”, insofar as one is needed, is simply that Dex and Strength aren’t wholly separate attributes, and they don’t map perfectly to muscle power and coordination. Nearly all Strength activities require Dexterity, and vice versa, but 5e isn’t, and shouldn’t be, concerned with the level of granularity required to model that directly.
Instead, you are coordinated enough to use a great sword effectively even with a low Dexterity score, and strong enough to use a bow even with a low Strength score. Because it’s simple, and the game runs better this way.
What bugs me is that a high Dex PC can have practically everything a strength based PC has and more. Ranged? Hands down far better. One handed melee? Same. AC? Close enough that it doesn't matter much.
At what cost? Umm...they can't grapple which I don't remember anyone using. Climbing sucks but there's probably going to be a workaround because you're never going to have an entire party with good strength. As a DM I have to go out of my way to find reasons for strength to matter.
I've considered limiting damage from bows to double your strength bonus or your dex mod in my home campaign for longbows. If you want to dump strength, use a shortbow. I already allow reinforced bows that you can buy to add strength instead of dex to attack and damage.
I don't want to over complicate things. I don't want to nerf dex. I just want some balance.