Barbarian. Fighter.
With better strength and BAB, they are very effective at Grapple and Trip if they spend a feat or two. They also can pick up a reach trip weapon.
They can pick up unarmed combat feat if they really want. With higher strength their damage with fists is about the same as a monk when we look at low level characters. Subdual vs. normal damage usually is not a big deal: when your enemies are unconscious, you have won.
Ranger maybe. TWF is the same as flurry when unarmed. Pick up Unarmed Fighting and a good strength. Having a better BAB helps a bit.
I am being a little tongue in cheek, but I think you assertion "there's none that come close" is actually open to challenge. It is quite possible to challenge a monk unarmed: grapple him, choke him unconscious. A strong, raging barbarian has a reasonable chance of winning with no feats to back him up. Not great, but it is quite possible if the barbarian successfully starts the grapple. He will have a +1 or +2 BAB advantage and probably a +4 or +5 or better Str mod advantage when raging. The barbarian will win an opposed grapple check 75% of the time, and he has twice the HPs. The monk has the edge, but it is not nearly as big of one as you might think.
That's silly. No one says the fighter is the undisputed master of armed combat at level one: he's just starting out. Start at higher levels, such as around level 12 or 16, and you'll see that the monk is much better at grappling, including the Escape Artist skill that barbs don't have as a class skill. And real damage makes one HELL of a difference if you're fighting anything that's immune to subdual (I can only imagine your unarmed fighter trying to choke a golem "Why won't you DIE?!").
Oh yeah, and I'd love to see the combat character that has a higher touch AC than the monk. You can't without magical items, which, if evenly spread out as they should be, benefit the monk as well.
That's not an argument. I'm the only person in my family that can do Bessel Functions. . .that doesn't mean I'm a master of it. "They can do it better than anyone else" and "they're really really good at it" aren't the same thing.
I'm curious to know to whom you're comparing the monk to make him seem so ineffectual. A rogue is the only other character that has a similar (possibly better) chance of *escaping* a grapple, and little chance of engaging in one. When a monk is grappling a character for several times 1d10, 1d12, or even 1d20+ damage in a round, I don't see what there is to complain considering that the target character is tied up as well.
The monk is definitely the best of the base classes at unarmed combat. I don't think anything in the system really goes against this.
If you're not happy with the monk's performance, try picking up Improved Grapple in OA, which is a WotC book too, after all. Or any of the other feats in there.
Oh, and as they are in the PHB, I don't see why the base classes couldn't be Oriental. Just change what weapons you use, how you dress, and voilà! It's not like OA substantially changes the classes that much.