You need to study Beans Books data. They say and show numbers. E-copies given out on CD in the back of books that contain 10 or more novels is their method. They state right on the CD that you can copy and distribute with out copy right worries as long as there is no charge.
I don't need to look at Baen's data- I've seen the data from other retailers.
Giving away samples is nothing new. Recording companies have been doing so since the dawn of recorded music. Restaurants have been doing it since there have been restaurants.
(Drug dealers have been doing so since there have been drugs.)
The internet and electronic publishing is changing the rules. Every book that they put up for free down load shows a permanent increase in sells of hard copies.
No, they're just changing the costs. Their sales still follow the same economic principles as everyone else's. Supply/Demand. Debits/Credits. Revenues/Costs.
How does this cost them an economic opportunity? How does match the traditional Knowles that give away a copy of something reduces its total sales and every free copy cost the producer?
The cost to them is the individual lost sale- the person who receives the free copy has no inherent need to purchase a copy. That the recipient may actually do so is immaterial. As far as the laws of economics or the rules of accounting go- its a cost. And if you were so fortunate to look at Baen's financials as opposed to just their sales figures, you'd see that those freebies are reflected as a cost on their ledgers, just like companies all over the world do with the freebies
they hand out.
But its a cost that is no different than anything else in the company's marketing budget. They're calculating that that individual lost sale will turn into sales to others, just like another company justifies the cost of an ad in the local paper or a commercial during the Superbowl.
IOW, its just another example of the old business adage, "You have to spend money to make money."
I won't send you to an Economics textbook for a definition of "opportunity cost"- that wouldn't be nice- so I'm supplying you with a couple I found:
1. The cost of an alternative that must be forgone in order to pursue a certain action. Put another way, the benefits you could have received by taking an alternative action.
2. The difference in return between a chosen investment and one that is necessarily passed up. Say you invest in a stock and it returns a paltry 2% over the year. In placing your money in the stock, you gave up the opportunity of another investment - say, a risk-free government bond yielding 6%. In this situation, your opportunity costs are 4% (6%-2%).
The alternative foregone by the company is doing a standard advertising campaign and not giving away freebies in an effort to sell books. This is an effective way of doing business.
By giving away freebies, however, the company is gambling that those free copies will generate more sales than a standard ad campaign. For Baen, its working. It doesn't work for all products, though.
Imagine Mercedes Benz trying this technique, for instance.