I'd be interested to hear the answer to this.
Personally, as a long-time 4E DM, I was actually never very attached to "damage on a miss" as a mechanical concept. Mechanically, it's boring. Tactically, it's usually pretty boring. For the player, it's usually boring. You do a tiny bit of damage but not enough to count for much beyond very low levels.
So it always surprised me that some people were so up-in-arms against it, rather then just thinking it kind of mildly sucked. Especially as it seems obvious that when many/most misses are caused by armour, it would be reasonable for a creature to be harmed somewhat "through" their armour (and indeed in 4E, most of the damage-on-a-miss was from high-kinetic-energy weapons). Reasonable but dull in implementation, unfortunately
The only positive I can find with it is that it tends to oppose the imho-ridiculous "Meat Points" vision of hit points, but honestly, that's not enough reason to make me care (hopefully 5E is not the first real "Meat Points" edition when the chips are down, but given some of Mearls' comments, it might be).
Then how come only 2 handed fighters can achieve hurting someone in their armour but a big hunking barbarian with a maul can't?