Sensitivity Readers are a good idea if you can afford one. Next best thing is join a diverse writing community and seek out feedback from people who aren't like yourself.
Read the Writing With Color blog for tips on describing and handling characters of color.
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Join large enough writing groups on Facebook like Writers Helping Writers and just listen when people of color or LGBT+ talk about what they like or dislike in writing they find. Not every person of color agrees on certain things, heck, not all of them know that being described in terms of food is fetishizing. That's OK. The goal is to learn what to watch out for and avoid needless drama on some detail you could have said differently.
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Now to switch from advice to opinions
I heard an interview with the guy who invents languages for shows and movies (ex. Dothraki from GoT). He was asked if he used real world languages to make new fictional ones. He said, no, because that would be cultural appropriation. I'm not sure where the line is for him on making a fictional culture based on a real world one, but the more it seems like you copied instead of saying this came from XYZ, you're over the line. For the OP, it's a future world, with our cultures projected forward, not the same risk, except of stereotyping or other issues found today.
A writer I know of, Milton Davis (creator of the SteamFunk genre), recently said "Diversity in speculative fiction should not only be diverse people. It should also include diverse cultures and diverse settings. Using diverse people in a Eurocentric world is still a Eurocentric story." Now he clarified that a modern story set in the USA is basically a Eurocentric story, that ship has sailed. But if you're making a new world, that's an opportunity. Case in point, my wife got a new video game, Greedfall. Fictional world, with all sorts of races mixed in. But it's largely a french-like culture, so those people of color, they're all french too. The game tackles the subject of colonization, so it tried. But a sensitivity reader or some such might have advised doing a bit more.
This has gotten rather long, definitely check out Writing With Color and get into some writing groups where they'll be in touch with the kind of issues you're trying to watch out for.
Also, remember this. Parents who bought child-rearing books tended to be better parents. But it wasn't because of the books, but because they were parents who were concerned about being better parents. You are thinking about how you treat cultures. That's going to help you do better.