I mean, that's literally part of an art director's job. they have to make sure all pieces submitted follow the guidelines they set out. this can include stuff like "don't just make every person white" or "try and use period appropriate clothing from this place" or "try not to make everyone look like a stereotype". there isn't just one set of guidelines, that'd be impractical, but this is part of why education on these matters is important for people in the arts.
beyond that though, I mean as far as individually commissioned pieces go or personal art you can do basically whatever you want, nothing's stopping you. the best I can say is you only really want to worry if you're trying to make a piece specific to a culture. or if you're taking inspiration from a culture you're not familiar with do research and see what something actually means; headdresses used by Plains Indians would be a popular example, a lot of people call out cultural appropriation because they're something to be earned, not just worn as a costume.
I'm not sure what you mean here, do you mean an individual work? or your portfolio?
That's assuming someone has the funding to hire an art director. What do to do with independent writers (and other artist) who lack the economic resources to hire cultural consultants and lack the time to read through dozens of (and often conflicting) historical texts?
Let's look at an example. Let's say, for instance, I'm an aspiring novelist, and I use the term "master bedroom" in a work. Will my novel be rejected by a publisher?
The word master might be a reference to slavery, but it could also be an reference to master-apprentice system. The term originated in the 1920s Macy's catalog, well after the end of slavery, but during a time when Jim Crow laws existed in the US. In the 1920s, however, apprenticeship were also common. How I am supposed to know if this phrase is appropriate or not? I might use it thinking it is completely reasonable, but then receive pushback later on.
The key is that I'm not sure and I don't have any resources. I'm working a day job, writing novels at night, but struggling to get my foot in the door. I don't have the extra cash to hire consultants, and the seemingly simple act of finding an agent is a monuments task. A single word can be the difference between an accepted and rejected work.
What advice would you give this person in order to ensure he or she does not violate the unwritten standards of inclusivity?
What videos should this person watch, which books should he or she read, to competently understand inclusivity well enough to feel confident that no one will feel victimized by his or her work.