In that particular case, the player is almost certainly describing the character's actions to rule out one or the other.
I'm thinking something more like a know-whats check, where several categories might apply, and having proficiencies in, say, Arcana and History, might give Advantage on a check to answer a specific question where the answer lies where the fields intersect. Or, if someone is lying to someone and making a Performance out of it.
I don't disagree with
@Charlaquin that allowing Advantage on an ability check because the PC has multiple applicable proficiencies should probably be the DM's call.