ART!
Deluxe Unhuman
As many here probably know, Tolkien really struggled with this issue of "are orcs people?" I think by the time LOTR was published, he already had qualms. As a Christian and Catholic, free will was a big deal for him. I think at some point he viewed them as irredeemable - twisted too much and to under a dark lord's thrall to do anything with but put out of their misery, at best.