The Roaring Trumpet (1940) L Sprague de Camp and Fletcher Pratt
A major influence on Poul Anderson’s Three Hearts and Three Lions.
Men and gods live by law; else they would be but giants.
Three Hearts and Three Lions (1953) Poul Anderson
Holger got the impression that there was a perpetual struggle between primeval forces of Law and Chaos. Humans, except for occasional witches and such-like, were, consciously or unconsciously, on the side of Law; the Middle World, which seemed to include such realms as Faerie, Trollheim, and the Giants, was with Chaos… under Law, all men would live in peace and order, but this was so alien to the Middle Worlders that they were forever working and scheming to prevent it and to extend their own shadowy dominion...
This business of Chaos versus Law… seemed to be more than just a religious belief. It reminded him [Holger] vaguely of the second law of thermodynamics, the tendency toward disorder and level entropy. Perhaps here the struggle between the two forces was basic to the universe. The wild folk of the Middle World would be doing what they could to break down order and restore some primeval state where anything could happen. Ordinary humanity would want to strengthen and extend Law, safety, predictability; that was doubtless why Christianity and Mohammedanism alike frowned on sorcery, which derived from Chaos forces rather than the unvarying principles of physical nature.
In the following passage, the sorceress Morgan Le Fay tries to persuade Holger Carlsen to join her, and Chaos.
What is there about dull and stodgy Law that drives you to defend it? Why, Holger... you’re but bulwarking loutish peasants and fat-gutted burghers, when the laughter and thunder and swirling stars of Chaos could be yours for the asking. When were you ever one for a safe and narrow life, locked in its own smugness, roofed with a sour gray sky and stinking of smoke, you who drove armies from the field? You could hurl suns and shape worlds if you chose!
While the Gods Laugh (1961) Michael Moorcock
It is believed by many sorcerers and philosophers that two forces govern the universe—fighting an eternal battle… These two forces are termed Law and Chaos. These are values supposedly set above the qualities men call Good and Evil. The upholders of Chaos state that in such a world as they rule, all things are possible. Opponents of Chaos—those who ally themselves with the forces of Law—say that without Law
nothing material is possible.
I [Elric], like most sorcerers, stand apart, believing that a balance between the two is the proper state of things.
The Knight of the Swords (1971) Michael Moorcock
"The Lords of Chaos are the enemies of Logic, the jugglers of Truth, the moulders of Beauty. I should be surprised if they had not created these Flamelands out of some aesthetic impulse. Beauty—an ever-changing beauty—is all they live for."
"An evil beauty."
"I believe that such notions of 'good' and 'evil' do not exist for the Chaos Lords."
Chaotic Lives (2005) interview with Michael Moorcock
The SF Site: An Interview with Michael Moorcock
A lot of my work is really about… Law and Chaos… about common sense and romanticism, and finding a balance between the two.
Chainmail (1971) Gary Gygax and Jeff Perren
Playing at the World (2012) Jon Peterson
The categories of Law and Chaos [in Chainmail] are populated much as [Poul] Anderson might lead us to expect, with giants and trolls on the side of Chaos and heroes on the side of Law, though since the fantastic races derive mostly from Tolkien, the distribution of those types emphasizes Tolkien’s battle lines...
The "line-up" of Law, Neutral and Chaos… in Chainmail… serves as nothing more than a means to ensure that creatures sharing a side could plausibly ally in a fantasy setting—to prevent absurdities like a group of dwarves collaborating with orcs to destroy ents, rather than just falling on one another.
The First Fantasy Campaign (1977) Dave Arneson
Describes Arneson’s Blackmoor campaign that began in 1971 and was a precursor to D&D. In First Fantasy Campaign Law is synonymous with good, and Chaos with evil.
So far as alignment changes went, there were only Bad Guys, Good Guys and those in-between. Good Guys took prisoners, paid their taxes, and would undertake missions for the King, etc. Bad Guys turned their loot over to their leader, never took anyone prisoner (unless it was part of a geas). They also stabbed each other in the back at the first opportunity. Everyone else was in the middle. This severely limited the use of Lawful and Chaotic artifacts but kept the players honest. On mixed expeditions, everyone was obligated to try and kill the Neutrals due to the latter’s lack of "Purity".
The Meaning of Law and Chaos in Dungeons & Dragons and Their Relationships to Good and Evil (1976) Gary Gygax
Most dungeonmasters construe the terms "chaotic" and "evil" to mean the same thing, just as they define "lawful" and "good" to mean the same. This is scarcely surprising considering the wording of the three original volumes of DUNGEONS & DRAGONS. When that was written they meant just about the same thing in my mind — notice I do not say they were synonymous in my thinking at, that time.
Dungeons & Dragons Basic Set (1981)
Lawful behavior is usually the same as behavior that could be called "good"...
Chaotic behavior is usually the same as behavior that could be called "evil".