I don't think you're really appreciating all the factors. Having not actually gone through this process and played this character, this is not a surprise.
High level parties have a lot of resources at their disposal. Investing bless is hardly what I call "significant". Foresight is a very efficient investment when you consider all the factors, but it's hardly the only way to gain advantage, which is a big enabler for feats like SS. Faery Fire spam is also another great way. Having a Wolf Totem Barbarian is another great way. Shield Bashing is also great, since monsters frustratingly don't get athletics or acrobatics. Or even worse for the DM, pick up 2 levels of Rogue.
Throwing tons of CR6 mages at the group seems like engineering the fight to take down one party member, which is usually a good indication there is an issue with a build. Also, the SS fighter with foresight can probably kill all of them before they got to act, they have poor AC and 40ish HP from memory.
You're also making a few assumptions such as a Dragon starting right on top of the group (nope), no scouting, no tactical planning, and that the Dragon is all aware and all seeing of all things. I honestly can't remember the exact details, maybe I used a longbow, maybe I didn't. What I do remember is the encounter was over very quickly with the Dragon fleeing with it's tail between its legs. We also fought tons of other things from crypts filled with Skeletons, vampires, wargs, to hordes of demons (one encounter was 110,000XP budget). The main theme was this class combination totally and utterly dominated the combat pillar of the game. Foresight was a factor, but there were times we did not have it up, and the theme was still the same.
The Great Weapon Master Fighter ended up being so useless that we swapped him out with another bow based Sharpshooting Fighter (Actually a Fighter11/Sorcerer6) and he also dominated combat, and hey guess what, only one Foresight to go around.
No one is invincible, and it's easy to sit here and arm chair general and pick holes in things. But what I can say with absolutely confidence is that Fighter + Sharpshooter + Crossbow expert definitely puts strains, if not outright breaks, bounded accuracy at the upper levels of the game.
Whether this is actually a problem or not, I will leave open to debate. What I consider a much bigger issues is this combination completely outclasses melee characters, which can cause issues at the table.