Bardic Dave
Adventurer
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the second die has a 30% chance to miss, but some of the time it would have missed anyway. having both dice miss does not reduce damage further.
Yes, that too.
Assume an attack that does 10 damage once a round over 10 rounds, for simplicity's sake. With a 70% chance to be hit, you will take 70 damage over 10 rounds, on average. With a 49% chance to be hit, you will take 49 damage over 10 rounds, on average.
49 divided by 70 = 0.7. In other words, 49 is 70% of 70. In other words, a 49% chance to be hit means that you take 70% as much damage as a 70% chance to be hit, on average. 100% minus 70% = 30%. Hence a 30% reduction in damage.