these are the games i own and would recommend based on your criteria.
lunch money - fast, brutal, easy to learn card game.
cold war cia vs kgb - 2 player only, but fun easy game. i wrote a mini review on it in this board somewhere.
nodwick - fantastic easy to learn card game where everyone goes at the same fraggin' time.
girl genius - another easy to play card game.
killer bunnies - the absolute best card game i own, but can get very complex as you keep adding expansions into it. to keep it simple stick with the starter game.
three-dragon ante - mentioned earlier.
Inn fighting - dice/card game from wizards of the coast.
small world - board game mentioned earlier.
kill dr. lucky - mentioned earlier. most of the cheapass game line fits your bill.
whoops got to run i'll try to get to a few more board games later, but it's time to go play Last Night on Earth and then some Tide of Iron.